The United States Should Order World Politics - 1485 Words

Washington Rules emphasizes that the United States should order world politics. It is safe to say that since the Post-Cold War era; The United States is seen as the world’s superpower, and it is to a point where numerous countries expect us to protect them, and intervene in any situation that is not â€Å"right.† The US has taken a preemptive role on ordering the word and senses the need to help those who are not super powers in order to promote peace. America’s military remains unchallenged, spending around 736 billion dollars yearly. In addition, the American economy remains strong amongst the global financial system, and the United States political influence around the world remains very strong as well. However, according to Michael Mann; there are series of limitations to US power. According to the article the First Failed Empires of the 21st Century, Michael Mann argues that those limits to power are Economic, Military, Political, and Ideological. According to Michael Mann, â€Å"though US domination of the world economy is much less than in the first decades after 1945, it remains the main engine of global growth. It enjoys a slight lead in many hi-tech industries, though the consumption and indebtedness of its citizens provide the main global economic dynamic.† However, other economic powers such as China, poses a threat to the United States. According to Mann, â€Å"as the world’s financial leader, US economic powers have not been systematically engaged in the new imperialism.Show MoreRelatedEssay on New Phase in American History1193 Words   |  5 Pagesentered a period of great uncertainty. Finally free from the constraints of the Old World, the Founding Fath ers of the United States were facing the predicament of a small population with limited resources and an unstable frontier. Though it was unclear as to how the colonies would create a New World order, most of the Founding Fathers had agreed upon a single point – that they would avoid the â€Å"balance of power† politics that had long reigned in Europe. Between the Declaration of Independence in 1776Read MoreChallenges of International Relations966 Words   |  4 PagesLesson 1 Several questions should be answered in regards to international relations first. Are states obsolete? For almost four hundred years, the territorial state has been the primary player in world politics. To achieve state sovereignty has been the main goal of most nationalistic separatist movements. In some points of view, the territorial state is in very good health. It is still needed to provide military security, give people identity, raise taxes, and provide for the needy. AlthoughRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1443 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the world, many contemporary issues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elect ions (Page 215). Like in many political parties, democracy faces several political issuesRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1446 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay Introduction Throughout the world, many contemporary issues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections (Page 215). Like in many political parties, democracyRead MoreThe Validity of Samuel P. Huntington’s Thesis in â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations†1411 Words   |  6 Pagescivilizations since the world has been in an unreasonable era since the end of the Cold War and the position of the nation-state has not been of any significance. Far more than the political objectives of territorial take-overs, it is the religious element of culture that has become the main cause of conflict. It should be acknowledged that Huntington’s â€Å"Clash of Civili zations† is a relatively simple theory which focuses on illuminating the ins and outs of international politics. Samuel P. Huntington’sRead More Fighting the War on Terrorism Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageshuman rights and the environment. Thus, it is easy to see why being referred to as a disciple of the austere Machiavellian principle could result in the untimely death of a political career. However, as of September 11th, the times have changed and so should the mindset with which politicians approach such elusive topics. This tragedy was not, however, suffered in vain. Underneath this enveloping shroud of sadness, there were a few blessings in disguise. Outwardly, the nation acquired a renewed senseRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1571 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout the world, many contemporary issues occur in the world of Politics. Democracy is also involved with several contemporary issues. According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary (merriam-webster.com 2014), the word democracy is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections (merriam-webster.com 2014 ). Like in many politicalRead MoreAs Senator Arthur Vandenberg Famously Stated In 1947, â€Å"We1579 Words   |  7 PagesSenator Arthur Vandenberg famously stated in 1947, â€Å"we must stop partisan politics at the water’s edge.† Vandenberg’s declaration suggests that domestic policy differences should not affect how the United States conducts itself abroad. This notion is especially relevant in understanding the discrepancies – or lack thereof – between foreign and domestic policy in the modern United States. Since its founding, the United States has prided itself on its exceptionalism, with many of its leaders endorsingRead MoreEthics As A Code Of Conduct880 Words   |  4 PagesEthics, in politics, can be used as a ‘code of conduct’ – a set of rules or norms for diplomatic behaviour. When considering ethics as a constraint on states and political institutions, it can be argued to be powerful and influential. However, the question of whether politics can be improved by ethics is debatable. The aim of this essay is to highlight evidence for and against the notion of whether ethics can constrain and improve politics through the use of realism and cosmopolitanism, their argumentsRead MoreThe Evolution of the Realism Paradigm1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of realism are discussed and analysed: classical realist ideas, neoclassical, neorealism and post cold war era. First we should underline the basic realist ideas and assumptions. These are pessimistic view on human nature; belief that international relations are very conflictual and only resolvable by war; attention is paid on national security and state power; and basic scepticism in the development of international relations (Jackson and Sorensen, 2010). In general, realism is one of

Comparison of the Renaissance and Enlightenment. - 3470 Words

Renaissance means rebirth or recovery, has its origins in Italy and is associated with the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization. The age of the Renaissance is believed to elapse over a period of about two centuries, approximately from 1350 to 1550. Above all, the Renaissance was a recovery from the Middle Ages and all the disasters associated with it: the Black Death, economic, political and social crises. For the intellectuals, it was a period of recovery from the Dark Ages; a period, which was called so due to its lack of classical culture. First Italian and then intellectuals of the rest of Europe became increasingly interested in the Greco-Roman culture of the ancient Mediterranean world. This interest was fostered†¦show more content†¦However, since evolution and progress cause changes, and achievements of one century are built on those of the previous one, there are probably more differences than similarities between the two periods. Taking a look at different social and public spheres, we shall examine the differences and the similarities between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. Consider the intellectual areas of the two periods. The Renaissance saw the emergence and growth of humanism. Humanism was a form of education and culture based on the study of classics. Being primarily an educational form, it included the study of such liberal arts subjects as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, ethics and history that were based on the examinations of classical authors. Humanists occupied mainly secular positions such as teachers of humanities in secondary schools or professors of rhetoric in universities; they were mostly laymen rather than members of clergy. Education was central to the humanist movement since humanists believed that education could change immensely the human beings. Humanists wrote books on education and developed secondary schools based on their ideas. Their schools though, were principally reserved for the wealthy elite; children from the lower social classes as well as females were largely absent from them. During the Enlightenment, as during the Rena issance, private secondary schools were most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And The Enlightenment757 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Values and Enlightenment Ideals - Conflict or Progress on the Same Journey? The Renaissance and the Enlightenment are two significant periods in world history, specifically in European history. The Renaissance and the Enlightenment have distinctive characteristics, but share the notion of being periods of discovery in many aspects of life. Each period has its own set of beliefs, values, and ideals otherwise known as a â€Å"worldview†. It can be thought of as a framework of principles throughRead MoreComparing The Tang Dynasty And The Western Civilization1524 Words   |  7 Pagesnot stop people from seeing the defined roles each gender had before this monumental event in history. This essay will focus on and analyze the Tang dynasty, the period of the European/Italian Renaissance, and the western civilization during the Enlightenment and their time period’s gender roles in comparison with each other. The Tang dynasty started in 618 CE through 907 CE. Within this time period compared to previous dynasties, conditions of roles for women seemed to improve due to the increasedRead MoreEssay about Artistic comparison1419 Words   |  6 Pagesto the artists in the Renaissance, there are many differences between the two. There are some similarities however much of what the artist is expressing, and how they present their concepts are entirely different. Renaissance art appears to be more of a historic record, and heavily influenced by reason and mathematics. Modern art on the other hand tends to convey ideas, and emotions, leaving interpretation to the viewer, instead of being straight forward. The Renaissance art that Ive includedRead MoreGrowth And Development Of The Scientific Revolution1120 Words   |  5 Pagesit figure out. It also specified that the stars did not move but only appeared to move because of the earth’s rotation. Additionally, the concepts of an infinite universe and the concept of epicycles was wrong because of the motion of planets in comparison to earth’s position is different. It was at first ignored by the Catholic Church and condemned by Luther and Calvin, but then was also condemned by Catholics because it contradicted what was found in Genesis, the concept of geocentrism. It wasRead MoreHnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide1404 Words   |  6 PagesHnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide 1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materialsRead MoreThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1352 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers of the Islamic faith. His loss and his legacy The prosperity and rise in cultural exchange in western Europe during the late 8th century and early 9th century has lead to this period being called the Carolingian Renaissance. While it is 600 years before the true Renaissance it is recognized as a fleeting return to a golden age in culture which sadly did not remain after the death of Charlemagne in 814. The kingdom would find itself divided and once again at war after the death of Louis I inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Le Regrets 1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthis form of poetry but after a short stay, he began longing for France. His poems express this longing. He uses poems to show exasperation and disappointment with Italy for failing to live up to the hype. As a renaissance poet, Bellay had hoped that Italy, being the birthplace of the renaissance and other iconic civilisations, would offer him something France had failed to deliver to him (Pater, 2013, p. 45). Unfortunately, Italy exasperated him. The sonnets he wrote attacke d Italy as well as expressedRead MoreGender Advancements During The Renaissance Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages The Renaissance was a time of enlightenment and discovery around the world. There were many advancements in culture, art, and science. An interesting area to look at for this period would be the advancements made based on gender. Historically, women do not always have a significant impact on their culture, and they do not always have the same standing as their male counterparts. Margaret L. King and Joan Kelly-Gadol delve deeper into the issue of gender advancements during the Renaissance when theyRead More`` Two Treatises Of Government `` By John Locke Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagessuperpower would be defeated by an unruly, inexperienced, divided America to prevail over the world s mightiest monarch of that time. With the introduction of the Renaissance period, Europe was introduced to the Scientific Revolution. This new induction would lead people away from their religious views and to a new movement called Enlightenment. The Essay Two Treatises of Government published anonymously by John Locke maintained two plausible positions. The first being, divine rights were not givenRead MoreBiography of Charles Willson Peale: The True Renaissance Man Essay example701 Words   |  3 PagesThe self taught, revered scientists, extensive naturalist and all around jack of all trades Charles Willson Peale was thought of like a true Renaissance man. All of his artistic talent and knowledge he passed on to his many sons. Being friends with George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, Peale promoted artistic development and public art. In his artwork, he captured the realness and vivacity of life. The similarities between Peale and his American contemporaries can be seen when

Key Traits that Steve Jobs has

Question: Descrbe about the Article for "Key Traits that Steve Jobs has". Answer: Key traits that Steve Jobs has You are most likely acquainted with relentless management and legendary vision of Steve Jobs. This renowned personality was an American IT entrepreneur and inventor. He was also the chairman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. In the words of his official biographer- He was a creative entrepreneur whose passion for a ferocious drive and perfection revolutionized six industries- digital publishing, tablet computing, phones, music, animated movies and personal computers. There are several personality traits that facilitated Steve Jobs become the most successful industrialist of the era. No matter whether youve touched the greater heights of success or not, you can learn a lot from him. One can easily explore several successful entrepreneurs following his traits and principles even today. The part of what made Jobs so thriving was his steady push to keep ventures moving whilst communicating with his team members to guarantee they were moving in the direction of a shared vision. He would not like to simply make a phone, however needed to change the way individuals considered phones. With such a grandiose objective, it was vital that everybody included with the venture was always moving in the direction of that end. Utilizing these foundations, managers can focus and spur their teams to get ventures done on the calendar. Micromanaging Steve Jobs was inimitable as a CEO in the decisions taken by him; everything had to pass through him whether its designed to launch a product. He not only took the big decisions however the little ones like design of the Apple shuttle bus and menu of food served in canteens. His micromanagement style in which he managed everything at Apple just worked because of his skill for advancement and Apple's moderately little measure of items. Its proof is that Apple just has 12 mainline items available to be purchased. It would be verging on unthinkable for some other business to take a methodology in which one individual settle on each choice. Viable designation and trust in your workers to settle on key choices is imperative in running an effective group. Expertise Apple was initiated as a prominent management style in which employees are selected on the basis of expertise, not on the basis of experience. Evading the training of administrators, Jobs favored specialists each in control of a function in the place of a couple well-rounded managers. For instance - the manager of the online store would not choose images for the store as it is the responsibility of graphics department. This is an extraordinary methodology of overseeing staff that permits an ideal staff to be working only in their field of mastery but at the same time is extremely rigid. As opposed to advancing fluidity between divisions Jobs kept them separate and required every official to ensure their region was flawless as opposed to focusing on someone else's. Steve Jobs don't just listen he understands There's a major difference amongst listening and comprehension, and mixing up the two can be the distinction between a successful project manager and a deficient one. Ensure you comprehend everybody on your group and make sure they comprehend you. Don't simply inquire as to whether they comprehend, make them exhibit it, and do likewise yourself. When everybody is continually demonstrating they're on the same platform, they will definitely keep moving forward. Value Inspiration Most of the time managers will reject the significance of motivation as a Hollywood triviality. They may say individuals ought to be naturally propelled and if they're not, they must chip away at another venture. Yet, for a robust project management it is crucial to actively inspire your team. This is especially genuine when representatives need to roll out startling changes on something they invested months creating. They have to comprehend why the change was made and how it will make the product better. The hassle-free approach for inspiring your team is maybe: Get to know each of them. Find their objectives and where they need to be in upcoming years. It becomes your responsibility to help them achieve that place and never get in their way. Create Structure Apple has since quite a while ago used a schedule of annual item discharges and programming upgrades. This structure is fundamental for keeping ventures advancing and team always improving. In particular, normal gatherings abstain from squandering time with long email chains. They keep away from the excess of addressing the same concerns numerous times. Ambitious deadlines push everybody beyond their comfort level and adjust for surprising delays. Communicate Understanding, inspiration and structure rely on the one key administration ability: correspondence. Regardless of what kind of venture you're dealing with or what industry you work in, correspondence is the best way to succeed. There are diverse techniques for being a powerful communicator; however if you aren't achieving your team, you're not going to succeed. Apple engineers developed and designed their products however Jobs was the one and only show man to present them at conferences. He believed in getting involved with the organization in order to get hands-on knowledge of how it worked. Awareness of limitations and delegate Steve Jobs was well known for being a control oddity and he could be exceptionally scary as the most astute man, however he knew enough to encompass himself with splendid experts from distinct foundations. He was sufficiently realistic to turn the everyday reins of the organization over to Tim Cook when he understood he couldn't bear the responsibility any longer. Project Managers often tackle a lot of hands-on work and never delegate. Undoubtedly, there are choices and activities that must be made exclusively by the PM, however there's a fine line between being dependable and endangering the undertaking due to one's unwillingness to offer others a possibility. Reference Links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs https://www.apple.com/stevejobs/ https://www.2knowmyself.com/steve_jobs_personality_traits https://www.entrepreneur.com/answer/226410 https://erickimphotography.com/blog/2011/12/18/10-traits-of-steve-jobs-that-can-make-you-a-better-street-photographer/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/susankalla/2012/04/02/10-leadership-tips-from-steve-jobs/#52790905a02c https://www.centerforworklife.com/the-leadership-qualities-of-steve-jobs/

Pulp Fiction Essays - English-language Films, Miramax Films, Films

Pulp Fiction David Skreiner [emailprotected] Pulp Fiction To all you people: Film studies isn't yet a widely accepted field at my University yet (Karl-Franzens-University in Graz, Austria, Europe). This paper was written for a seminar (something like a third-year course or so) and you might want to rewrite it to fit your own school's idea of what a film analysis should look like. Also, watch out for unusual sentences; I'm not a native speaker so some minor errors or weird expressions may have found their way into this paper. I think it got an "A", or a "B" grade (don't remember exactly). Dave Term Paper: Seminar "Violence in American Literature and Film" Prof. Dr. Arno Heller Winter Semester 1995/96 1 Table of Contents 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 PLOT, STORY AND STYLE 2.1 DEFINITION 2.2 CHRONOLOGY 2.3 CIRCULARITY 2.4 VIOLENCE IN PULP FICTION: PLOT STRUCTURE AND NARRATIVE STYLE 2.5 CINEMATIC STYLE 2.6 CONSIDERATIONS OF GENRE 2.7 MISE-EN-SCENE 3 TARANTINO'S WORLD 3.1 TARANTINO'S CINEMA 3.2 INTERTEXTUAL ASPECTS OF PULP FICTION 3.3 TARANTINO'S AESTHETICS 3.4 TARANTINO CHARACTERS 3.5 VIOLENCE 3.6 POPULAR CULTURE 3.7 REDEMPTION 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Plot, Story and Style 2.1 Definition When considering plot and story, I will stick to the convention of using plot for the film's contents - what we are presented on the screen - and story for the whole of the events we are presented and the events or facts that are relevant to them. This distinction is important because, as will be shown later, Pulp Fiction's plot leaves out some aspects of the story, and leaves us to imply or simply guess at several loose ends in the story as a whole1. 2.2 Chronology The plot of Pulp Fiction is not linear; it does not follow the chronological order of events. Rather, the story presented to the audience consists of three distinct - and very much interwoven - plot lines. The three plot lines are presented to us in 'acts' or 'chapters' mixed together, complete with chapter titles: "Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife", "The Gold Watch" and "The Bonnie Situation". Several elements are consistent in all of the sub-plots; for instance, Vincent Vega and the figure of gangster boss Marsellus Wallace (or at least his influence) are present throughout the film. Overall, the effect of the unusual structuring seems similar to browsing a pulp novel one already knows, reading the 'good bits' for amusement and skipping the rest - which might be the very intention of the film maker. Not only are there numerous references to pulp films and books, but we also see Vincent Vega reading a pulp novel in the film. Certainly, the film has been designed to be a success, and its title may be seen as a referral to the genre of "pulp novels" as well as a self-description. 2.3 Circularity Like many classical films, Pulp Fiction has a noticeable circularity to it. Todorov's explanation of the typical linear plot2 (plenitude, where everything is satisfactory, peaceful, calm, or at least recognizably normal - plenitude disturbed by some threatening power or force - action of a force directed against disturbing force - restoration of plenitude) is not really circular, for although the final point resembles the beginning in its stability, they are not really the same. The circularity found in Pulp Fiction - the film ends with a continuation of its very first scene - is purely structural, while the story itself has hardly any noticeably circular elements: Most of the strands of the story end with the main characters getting killed or leaving town. The film keeps referring back to itself, presenting chains of causes-and-effects in a jumbled, non-temporal and seemingly illogical order. With the exception of very few continuity mistakes, though, the plot is based on a logicall y consistent story. Tarantino's possible reasons for having changed the order of events will have to be discussed later. 2.4 Violence in Pulp Fiction: Plot Structure and Narrative Style Pulp Fiction's plot deliberately leaves out certain aspects of the story (as a whole), so that we are left guessing at parts of it. The plot's nonchronological construction also disrupts many of the story's otherwise plausible cause-and-effect chains, and places the film's closing scene somewhere in the middle of the narrative. It is, however, not the action or the plot which creates the suspense and weird appeal that this film has, but the characters in the film - in other words,

The Prophet Muhammad Achievements

The Prophet Muhammad Achievements Introduction Throughout the history of mankind the messengers of God’s divine message have been reduced to victims of violence and ridicule; from Adam to Muhammad this trend has been repeated. Many achievements in this world can be attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)(Cheema 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prophet Muhammad Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally speaking, Prophet Muhammad was a great benefactor of mankind and this discussion will seek to understand the person that he was, especially in light with this age where narrow-mindedness and prejudice has caused the teaching of the great Prophet to be misunderstood. Therefore, it’s important to independently look at the character and the person that the prophet was and hence this article. Discussion Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of God according to The Quran, the Muslims holy book. Prophet Muhammad was born th e year 560 AD in the city of Mecca Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was raised by his uncle Abu Taib after he became an orphan at an early age. No documentation exist indicating whether he received a formal education in regards to reading and writing, however as illustrated by The Quran the experience between the Prophet and Angel Gabriel demonstrates that he didn’t receive any formal education(Kathir 190). In the region that Prophet Muhammad originated from, immorality, cruelty, polytheism, idol worshiping and illiteracy existed at a very high rate. Slavery on its part had become so rampant on that part of the world. Prophet Muhammad was a soft spoken young man who kept aloof from those who participated in paganism and the rituals associated with the region at that time.He began to preach about the existence of only on God –Allah and at the age of 40 after he received his first revelation (Kathir 191). His preaching of the existence of only one God attracted opposition from the pagans of Mecca (Quraysh).They offered him gifts, power, honor and material things in the hope that he would abandon his preaching and instead preach about the idols. The prophet refused this offer stating that he would never renounce his mission even if the sun will be put on his right hand and the moon on his left hand. Having taken this stance he and his followers were banished from Mecca after being tortured and some of them being brutally killed by the Quraysh. He immigrated to Medina where he established himself after being warmly welcomed (Azzam 14).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pagans of Mecca were determined to root out the new religion forcing Muhammad to defend himself in several wars. He was successful in his defense, with the help of a small force, 10,000 followers; he was able to defeat a huge, well equipped and well trained force (Rizvi 13). N ear the end of his life he returned to Mecca, his hometown where he took over it and declared a general amnesty for everyone including those who had committed serious crimes. He brought law and order within a short period of ten years to people who were well known for lawlessness, immorality and ignorance. From there, Islam spread to the greater part of Arabia and now to all corners of the world. No man with Muhammad’s accomplishments as yet again been produced to the world. The Prophet had uncountable accomplishments in his life live alone the world, including but not limited to being a prophet, judge, reformer, political leader and a moralist. Besides these accomplishments he was a person of exemplary character who practiced what he preached as demonstrated in the Hadiths. He had the best morals characterized by truthfulness, forgiveness humbleness and many others. The prophet Muhammad had a great love for the almighty God. For majority of his life since he was a child, he dedicated his life to trying to establish a close relationship with God by praying, fasting and spending a lot of time supplicating to him. The Prophet frequented a cave in Hira where he often went to fast and pray. It was during such a situation when he received his first revelation from God (Cheema 2). During hardships and suffering the prophet showed a lot of patience and nothing took hold of him as he was never discouraged by adverse conditions or personal desires. Besides the death of his father and later his grand father, the prophet had been faced by the death of several of his wives including Khadija and seven of his children. Nonetheless the Prophet remained very patient and dignified in his manners, a character not observed in the people around him, this character was demonstrated in one of the occasion that he admonished a woman who was occupied in loud mourning of the death of her child to which the Prophet told her to be patient and accept gods will, not knowing that sh e was talking to a Prophet of God, the woman told him that he(the Prophet) couldn’t understand the pain that comes with losing a child as he had never lost any to which the Prophet told her that he had lost seven children(Cheema 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prophet Muhammad Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Muslims have been enjoined by the Prophet to treat the poor kindly as narrated by Abu Said Al-Khudri, the Prophet encouraged Muslims to help other Muslims by giving them clothes, foods and drinks and in return they will be rewarded in paradise by being given cloths by green garments of paradise, fruits of paradise and pure wine (Cheema 11) Acquisition of wealth is not discouraged by the Prophet or prohibited but instead he insists that they should be acquired lawfully and a part of it given to the poor. Throughout his life the Prophet encouraged hard work, independence and nobleness of the people. He encouraged charity; the Prophet was relatively rich, however in his house he never for more than a day remained without distributing his wealth to charity, the Prophet mostly used his wealth to please God (Cheema 12). Conclusion Millions of people all over the world still love and adore Prophet Muhammad(saw), he has changed the lives of many including women by bringing respect and dignity to them. Islam’s foundation is based on His believes and teachings and it is for this reason that the barriers of tribalism, racism, power and wealth have been able to be broken. The destiny of humanity is still largely influenced by his revolution and the document which bears God’s message sent through him, Quran, continue to bring wisdom, guidance, and influence to all men all over the world. Philosophers, historians, students of religion, leaders, Muslims and non-Muslims alike continue to acknowledge and admire the Prophet thousands of years after his death (Akhta r 10). Akhtar S.H. Prophet Muhammad.Austin Texas.2009, Web.6 Oct.2011. Azzam K.A.Life of The Prophet Muhammad.New York.June 2003. Web.6 Oct 2011.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cheema M.A.The Holy Prophet Muhammad.New York:Hart publishiung,Sep 2001.Web.6 Oct 2011. Kadhir I.A.Stories of The Prophets,Al Azhar(Trans).Riyadh:Darusalam, 2005.Web.6 Oct.2011. Rizvi S.S.The Life of Muhammad the Prophet.TZ:Oxford publishing,June 2009.Web.6 Oct 2011.

The secrets to writing effective subheadings

The secrets to writing effective subheadings The secrets of effective subheadings Its easy to treat subheadings as a token afterthought once youve gone through the hard work of actually writing your document. But its worth paying more attention to them than that. They can be an effective tool in drawing your reader in to your full text or helping them find your most important points. Watch the video to find out how: Cant watch the video now? Heres the transcript: Guide the way with subheading signposts You know how it is. Youve written your document. Now you want people to read it (or what was the point?). You probably know no one wants to look at a big block of text, so you break it up. Good start. But thats not enough, is it? No, you also need signposts – like subheadings. Well, that looks better already. And subheadings dont just help your writing look good and your documents more inviting. They can work much harder than that. More on that in a minute. But first, a word of warning. Far too often, people write subheadings like these: Background Our experience Recommendations Background: What does that tell you about whats coming? Not much. Our experience: Is that specific? Not really. Recommendations: Are you engaged by this? Do you want to follow these signposts? Probably not. If youre trying to find your way in the world, a signpost will be no help at all if it doesnt actually tell you what its pointing to. And, just like signposts youd follow to get somewhere, your subheadings have to be specific. They have to tell your reader exactly whats ahead, to help them get where they need to go. Even better if your subheading signposts make the reader want to go there. For example: Background âžÅ"
What you told us Our experience âžÅ"
40 years in the business Recommmendations
âžÅ" How well meet your aims So, what techniques can you use to inspire subheadings that not only draw your reader in but also lead them through your document? Well, remember: well-written subheadings can make your reader want to dive in. So try some of these techniques. Direct Interest Verbs Evoke curiosity with a question Insight (to expand on) Numbers Play on words (if appropriate) Short (ish) Make sure your subheadings are direct and to the point. Corporation tax rate reduced Say something that will be of interest to the reader. How to expand our customer base Try using verbs – remember, those are the ‘doing’ and ‘being’ words. Doing so sounds dynamic and might even encourage action in some cases. Industry achieves positive change Evoke curiosity with a question. Ready for the low-carbon future? Give an insight that you’ll expand on in the following section. Real estate to outperform Try including a number – a technique often used online, which lets your reader know exactly how much information to expect. Five ways to combat climate change And theres a PS You can use a play on words – but only if you think it’s appropriate to the tone of your document and the intended reader. Face the storm with catastrophe bonds And finally: remember to keep your subheadings shortish. They should be long enough to be meaningful but short enough to be understood and absorbed quickly. So, try some of these techniques for signposting your next document and see how far it takes you. To sum up Remember, the best subheadings will read like an overview of your document – but they should also be compelling enough to encourage readers to dive in to the main copy. If you write online content, like blog posts, remember that website visitors do tend to skim-read a page before deciding whether to stay on it. The right subheadings could help tip the balance in your favour. Help your readers navigate In an ideal world, your documents and emails would never be skim-read. But, realistically, some of your time-pressed colleagues or clients will have to do just that. In which case, well-chosen subheadings will at least give them a summary and help them quickly find the most relevant parts. Find your route Subheadings can also help you with your writing process: try coming up with them as part of the planning stage before you write the body of the document, when youre deciding the structure. Or, if you prefer, you could read through the summary your subheads make after youve finished the document to double-check its structure: did you pick the best route? You can then adjust the order if necessary (but dont forget to make sure the text still flows logically). Keep it appropriate Just like anything else you write, judge the suitability of your subheadings against the tone of the document and what you know about the reader. This post is an extract from a lesson in our online-learning programme, Emphasis 360, which is designed to transform your writing step by step, in practical, bite-sized lessons. You can try it out for free here.

What does the book The American born Chinese reveal about the American Essay

What does the book The American born Chinese reveal about the American religious experience - Essay Example We can see that being an Asian and of Chinese origin, Jin Wang has difficulty is exposing his religious idea and practices in America. He cannot communicate and interact with the Westerners and feel alienated in the community. He is from Chinese background but hesitate to mingle with Asian people. Here, the author is trying to show the world the difference between Asian and American religious perception. From this book it can be understood that American religious experience is less deep and direct than Eastern religious concepts. (Thesis) In America people are more materialistic and they see life as something for pleasure. If we look at the cultural and religious value of Jin Wang, he finds it hard to express it to his peers as he finds it embarrassing. Obviously, the religious beliefs of American people are less prominent than Chinese or Asian people. We can see that most, the American do is visit church and pray. They don’t have beliefs and mythology like Asians or Chinese. The author has made a comic of the story by introducing the Monkey King of Asian mythology to entice the readers. This is the overly and superstitious representation of Asian religious beliefs which is alien to American ideologies. Here, we can see that American religion does not feature gods like Chinese religion and other Asian religion. Asian religion is more based on legends and mythological stories whereas American live on religious laws which are practical. The protagonist of the story is from a conservative Chinese background and cannot assimilate with the American people. But it is to be understood that he find Americans less religious and pious which he cannot accept. The American have their way of life and as Chinese Jin Wang find them having a more direct religious values. We can see that American and Chinese people have their typical culture and religion and Jing Wang liking a girl in school who is Christian feels hesitant to ask her out because of their religious and et hical disparity. Here we can see the struggle and problems a Chinese person undergo being in American land where his religion is looked up on with strange sense. The book reveals the American religious experience is shallow and is they endorse the idea of money, materialistic things and other earthly relationships as representing â€Å"Gods† when they present things before God. For Americans, the religious concepts of Asians have been a thing of dismissal. If they cannot understand the ideologies and scientific reasoning behind them, it does not make our values less important. We can find that many Americans are atheist and this is less common practice in Asia. The book portrays the American religious experience to be passive and not lively like that of Asians. As per ( Koebler,2013) â€Å"Though 20 percent of Americans declared "no religious preference," just 3 percent of respondents said they were "atheists.". The Americans live a life of leisure and God comes only rarely in to picture. The hero of the story cannot resemble with American life and is in a dilemma. In the interaction of Chinese with American communities one can see lot of prejudice and racism. The book reveals the American religious experience can be relevant to Buddhist world. For them there is only one God and Monkey King is absurdity. The social identities of people are different all around world and every culture has its identity and value. We as an immigrant must try to integrate with American postmodern culture. Even the accent of Chinese people differs largely from American people as they have influence of Chinese language in them but it is not less valuable than English. American religious as revealed by the book portrays that Christianity is meaningful and other religion are

Service product analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Service product analysis - Essay Example Rebak Island Resort, a five star category hotel in Rebak Islands also presents to the visitors a natural viewing treat in terms of creating an underwater aquarium in addition to the room and dining facilities. The paper focuses to evaluate the services provided by the Resort through analysing based on the Seven Ps of Services Marketing. Finally after conducting the needed evaluation the paper concludes through rendering useful recommendations for the Rebak Island Resort to help gain a larger potential in the realm of their hospitalisation activities rendered to the visitors and tourists visiting the island from different corners of the world. Rebak Island Resort-A Taj Resort The Taj Group is the constituent or collective name for the large group of hotels, resorts, spas and other hospitality units of The Indian Hotels Company Limited. Further the Taj Group that holds to be one of the largest and most popular hotel companies in the Asian market in terms of service standards, aesthetic s and other parameters stands out to be the glowing symbol of Indian hospitality. Taj Group internationalises through the opening of 16 hotels in several international locations like Maldives, Malaysia, in other developed countries like United Kingdom and United States and similarly along emerging economies like Africa, the regions of Middle East and Sri Lanka (Taj Group, 2012). In the context of the project the company chosen is Rebak Island Resort situated in Langkawi, Malaysia. This hotel company is the international wing of Taj Group in the Malaysian region. Rebak Island Resort got its name from the native Rebak Tree found in the Rebak Islands. The Rebak Islands is one of the 99 islands that constitute the Langkawi region. The region holds a pristine glory in terms of the natural exhibits found pertaining to forests, mountains and a large number of beaches. The Rebak Island Resort can be reached by the visitors by taking a five minute ride from Langkawi Airport to Langkasuka Por t and subsequently taking a fifteen minutes ride on a boat to the Resort. A host of facilities and services await the visitors at Rebak Island Resort that promises to serve the best based on standards set by the Taj Group (Rebak Island Resort, n.d.). The report tends to conduct a total analysis of the Taj Group based on the Seven Ps of Services Marketing concept. Based on the analysis conducted it would focus on rendering needful recommendations related mainly along Four Ps including the Physical Environment of the Services Group. These set of recommendations would be furnished to contribute to the development of the services standard of the company. Background of the Service Location of Rebak Island Resort Rebak Island Resort is located in Rebak Island a member of the large number of Islands forming the Langkawi region in Malaysia. The Resort is located at a distance of 4 Kilometres from the Langkawi Island while it can be reached by taking a boat ride of around 15 minutes from the Langkasuka Port. Span and Size of Rebak Island R

Gender Differences in Mathematics Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Mathematics Essay Throughout the first half of the 20th century and into the second, women studying or working in engineering were popularly perceived as oddities at best, outcasts at worst, defying traditional gender norms. Female engineers created systems of social, psychological, and financial mutual support, through such strategies, conditions for female engineers changed noticeably over just a few decades, although many challenges remain. Engineering education in the United States has had a gendered history, one that until relatively recently prevented women from finding a place in the predominantly male technical world. For decades, Americans treated the professional study of technology as mens territory. At places where engineerings macho culture had become most ingrained, talk of women engineers seemed ridiculous (Sax, 2005). For years its been assumed that young women avoid careers in mathematics-based fields, like engineering and physics, because they lack confidence in their math skills. But a new study finds that it’s not a lack of confidence in their math skills that drives girls from those fields; its a desire to work in people-oriented professions. It has been found that young women who are strong in math tend to seek careers in the biological sciences. They value working with and for people, they dont perceive engineering as a profession that meets that need. The environment at many tech schools is hostile toward helping students achieve a degree and is more geared toward weeding out those who are struggling. Its difficult to come up with alternative engineering solutions if everybody in the room looks alike. Thats the initial reason why automakers and suppliers are busy trying to identify and hire minority and women engineers. The business case is that if more than half of an automakers customers are either female and/or people of color, which they are, then those groups need to be represented in every sector of the company. One of the most important areas for automakers to get a range of views is in product development. With that diversity mission in mind, DaimlerChrysler Corp. , Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Corp. , all have mounted aggressive programs to identify and hire minority and women engineers. At GM the story is the same. To attract minority and women engineers, the automaker proclaims that innovation comes from the people who see the world in a different way than everyone else. One women and minorities enter into the automotive engineering ranks, they need to be challenged and encouraged to develop their careers or theyll be gone (Sax, 2005). Its not just the Big Three that are working to create a more diverse engineering workforce. Suppliers and engineering support organizations such as the Society of Automotive Engineers are trying to draw more women and minorities into the profession. Faced with chronically small percentages of minorities and women in virtually every segment of engineering, companies are going to great lengths to attract them to the world of automotive engineering. Harvard President Lawrence Summers ignited a firestorm recently when he suggested more men than women are scientists because of differences between males and females in â€Å"intrinsic aptitude. † Many scientists-both men and women-expressed outrage at Summer’s remarks and blamed any lag in math among girls mainly on discrimination and socialization (Dean, 2006). They point out that girls have closed the gap in average scores on most standardized math tests in elementary and high school. Today women constitute almost half of college math majors and more than half of biology majors. But Summer’s supporters say he courageously raised a legitimate question for scientific inquiry. Indeed, in recent years some researchers have been pursuing a scientific explanation for the discrepancies in math and science aptitude and achievement among boys and girls and have found differences, including biological ones. Summer’s suggestion that women are biologically inferior in math infuriated many female scientists. Some asserted that the other two factors he mentioned were far more important in keeping women out of science: sex discrimination and the way girls are taught to view math as male territory. Some differences are well established. Girls do better on tests of content learned in class and score much higher on reading and writing tests than boys. Boys score higher on standardized tests with math and science problems not directly tied to their school curriculum. On tests of spatial awareness, boys do better on tests that involve navigation through space. Girls are better at remembering objects and landmarks. Studies show differences in brain structure and hormonal levels that appear to influence spatial reasoning. But the implications of these differences for real world math and science achievement remain unclear. â€Å"There is evidence that male and female brains differ anatomically is subtle ways, but no one knows how these anatomical differences relate to cognitive performance,† (Dean, 2006). At the heart of the current controversy is a societal implication-that the failure of an institution like Harvard to tenure even one woman mathematician can be blamed on the lack of top-flight women mathematicians, which in turn can be blamed on too-few top female minds in math. As evidence of intrinsic aptitude differences, Summers pointed out that more boys than girls receive top scores on standardized math tests. Today girls receive better grades than boys in math and science through high school, have closed the gap on average scores on most standardized math tests and take more advantage high school classes than boys in almost every category except physics and high-level calculus. In college they constitute nearly half the math majors and more than half the biology majors. Indeed, today a growing number of researchers contend boys are the ones who are shortchanged-judging by the larger proportion of boys in special-education classes and the declining proportion attending college. Women now make up 56 percent of students enrolled in college; by 2012, the Department of Education projects they will account for about 60 percent of bachelor’s degrees (2002). The fact that more boys than girls make top scores on standardized math tests is often invoked as evidence that boys possess an innate superiority in high-level math. Experts on both sides of the divide agree gender differences are real, even if they disagree bout how much is socially learned and how much biologically based. Girls do better on writing and on algebra problems, probably because algebraic equations are similar to sentences, and girls excel in language processing. Boys are better at mathematical word problems; girls are better at mathematical calculation. Boys and girls also differ on spatial skills, and experts are divided over how innate or important these differences are. A recent study of the Graduate Record Exam, for instance, found men did better on math problems where a spatially based solution was an advantage (Gallagher, Kaufman, 2005). Sex hormones have been shown in several studies to affect the ability to envision an object rotating in space. Females who take male hormones to prepare for a sex-change operation improve on tests of 3-D rotation and get worse on tests of verbal fluency, at which women typically excel. During their menstrual cycle, women do better on 3-D rotation when levels of the female hormone estrogen are low; they do better on verbal fluency when estrogen levels are high. If science be taught directly with a hands-on, inquiry-based approach, it sustains girl’s interest in science. Girls like to work in cooperative teams, a lot of science was taught in a competitive mode. Women scientists also earn less than men. But it’s only fair that women who work fewer hours face the economic consequences of lower salaries and less status. References: Dean, Cornelia. (2006). â€Å"Dismissing ‘Sexist Opinions’ About Women’s Place in Science†. A Conversation with Ben A. Barres. The New York Times. July 18, 2006, pp. 1-5. Gallagher, Ann M. , Kaufman, James M. (2005). â€Å"Gender Differences in Mathematics: An Integrative Psychological Approach. Cambridge University Press. National Center for Education Statistics, â€Å"Projections of Education Statistics To 2012†. (2002). Available on-line: http://nces. ed. gov/pubs2002/proj. 2012/ch_2. asp.. Sax, Leonard. (2005). Too Few Women- â€Å"Figure It Out†. Los Angeles Times. Jan. 23, 2005.

Symbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson :: The Lottery Essays

Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is a chilling tale of a harsh ritualistic gathering conducted by people of a small village. The word lottery would typically remind someone of a drawing to win a cash prize. A better comparison to the story would be the lottery used to select troops for the Vietnam War; a lottery of death. Another would be the human sacrifices the Aztecs willingly made long ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story opens by embracing the reader with a relaxed setting, giving the anticipation for an optimistic story. â€Å"†¦with the fresh warmth of a full summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green (p.445).† The discussion of children and school also gives well meaning of an organized and well-balanced village the people have put together, one the average parent would want their children raised in. â€Å"They tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands (p.445).† The thought of children playing also illustrates of a positive outlook for the rest of the story, a sense of happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is also mentioned that the story begins on June twenty-seventh. â€Å"With the fresh warmth of a full summer day (p.445). † Again, the setting is depicted as a bright, happy place. The date is important, because the end of June is a time when the summer has fully set in, possibly giving the meaning that change is up ahead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the mood continues to be pleasant, the village gathers for what would appear to be a joyous festival everyone looks forward to. â€Å"The lottery was conducted –as were the square dances, the teen-age club, the Halloween program†¦ (p.445).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves are basically the two men in charge of making sure the lottery is conducted each year. Mr. Summers’ name seems to represent the time of the year the lottery is conducted. Mr. Graves represents the grave the chosen lottery victim will be sent to, as he has no problem administering death to those close around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lottery itself is conducted in a black box using paper-slips. The color black represents death, as the future of someone’s life will be decided from it. The dark mood is felt when it is introduced. A general feeling of nervousness is spread throughout the crowd, the younger people in particular.

Critical Thinking and Discussion Question Essay

Describe the shifts in the world economy over the past 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Britain? North America? Hong Kong? After World War II, America used to be the number one leader in the world while Britain and China have less role. For the rich industrial countries like the UK, US, Denmark and New Zealand is declining of the FDI. Conversely, the developing countries like China has become more influential in the world economic over the last 30 years and expected to be the first leader in the world. Especially, exporting of china has a significant blooming. â€Å"The study of international business is fine if you are going to work in a large multinational enterprise, but it has no relevance for individuals who are going to work in small firms.† Evaluate this statement. International business or globalization is talk about the trend towards a more integrated global economic system. I’m disagree with that there is no relevance for individual who are going to work in small business because every business should consider about economic and the economic depend on the would situation. So, not only a big enterprise must study international business but small business should understand the role of global business also. How have changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets and production? Would the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes? For the globalization of markets and production, they have changed with lower cost communications networks and lower transportation cost. Both lead to easier to enable firm s to create global markets and allow firms to better respond to customer demands. For example; The Internet has facilitated the creation of a 24/7/365 marketplace where information is available in real  time. So that make sense that the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes. â€Å"Ultimately, the study of international business is no different from the study of domestic business. Thus, there is no point in having a separate course on international business.† Evaluate this statement. The international business differs from the domestic business because: Countries are different in economic, political, legal and culture. The range of problem confronted by a manager in an international business is wider and the problems themselves more complex than those confronted by a manager in a domestic business. International transactions involve converting money into different currencies. How might the Internet and the associated World Wide Web affect international business activity and the globalization of the world economy? Over the last 20 years, internet static has increase sharply. Most business have a website that kind of another advertising. Customer around the world can access your business 24 hrs. Real location is not necessary because of power of internet. Some business only has in online and they can make more profit than existing business. If current trends continue, China may emerge as the world’s largest economy by 2020. Discuss the possible implications for such a development for The world trading system: Many countries try to sign a contract with China for trade because its market is big and very interesting. In the future China economic could be larger than the US and other countries. The world monetary system: China’s currency, Yuan, might be powerful than U.S. dollar or equal or more than other world currency. The business strategy of today’s European and US-based global corporations: They will invest in China or more corporate will shift to China. In term of exporting, they try to reduce tariff. In  addition, they will co-business with Chinese and learn chinese also. global commodity prices: The goods that is made in China is cheaper than other countries. Most global commodities will import from China. Reread the Management Focus on Vizio and the market for flat-panel TVs and answer the following questions: Why is the manufacturing of flat panel TV’s migrating to different locations around the world? Because they concern about cost of production, comparing between cost and profit in different countries. Who benefits from the globalization of the flat panel display industry? Who are the losers? Vizio company: lower production cost Vizio customer: high-quality with low price labor: get job host country: higher pollute environment What would happen if The US government required that flat-panel displays sold in the United States had to also be made in the US? On balance, would this be a good or a bad thing? It will be a bad thing. In the short run, if the flat panel displays must be made in the United States, the total cost of the products will increase and become less competitive with other brands. What does the example of Vizio tell you about the future of production in an increasingly integrated global economy? What does it tell you about the strategies that enterprises must adopt to thrive in highly competitive global markets? This is an example of benefit-cost analysis. The way to reduce production cost through the integrated global economy. They looking for out sourcing suppliers that cheaper than their country.

Ethical Issues in Health Care Finance Essay

The topic of ethical issues in every industry is usually interesting because it attracts a significant number of scholars and professionals to argue. This topic becomes even more interesting when it comes to health care financing. Ethical issues in health care financing begin, when defining human health. Human health is a basic need (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). It does not matter what type of health challenges a person has and whether a person is in a developed country or not. The issue with human health is that, all humans require health appropriate treatment when they need it. However, the health care system seems insatiable when it comes to financing. Health care financing source from an individual occurs at the at the point of delivery otherwise known as fees for services does not seem to have a significant impact in the required health care financing (Hurley, 2001). It is important to leave individuals as entities that pay for healthcare out of financing the health care industry an d concentrate on the government, private agencies such as insurances and donors. The ethical issues in health care financing questions whether the major health care financiers: the government and insurance companies can justify paying for treatment for all human in the country. The argument with health care financing is that governments can pay for high medical technology development in terms of complicated medical equipments and new treatment technologies. It is important to understand that although advanced medical development are in place, there is an issue as to whether individual patients will the able to afford treatment using this advanced technology (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). If individual patients will not afford to use new treatment technologies, then it will be likely that the new advancement in medical technologies are a direct preserves of those with an upper economic advantage. This is contrary to the equity required in the health care system because health is basic need and therefore should be available for all. High cost of medical technological  treatment and a few populations who cannot individually afford for this treatment are not the only issues that raise medical treatment. The insurance industry is the greatest player in the health c are industry. The insurance industry provides medical policies for every eligible citizen. While the insurance arrangement for healthcare financing is justified through the assumption that country men and women are participating in sharing cost in paying up hospital bills. However, there is a crisis with the health insurance, which has raised significant ethical issues. This issues range from existence of different types of policies for different people and the issues that, the insurance company rather than the doctor determines the type of treatment the patient will get because of different categorized policies. Another incidence of inequality sets in even in with the insurance. Just like individual patient might not afford to pay high tech medical treatment at the point of delivery, the same is happening in the insurance industry because insurances now require different policies for different individual (Maharaj and Paul, 2011). These different policies characterize people according to their risk such that, people of high risk pay more premiums that people of low risk. If this policy categorization is justified then there will be a new inequality that will set in. This inequality will arise from those who pay for high premiums and might never have to go to hospital unless an accident occurs. Health care financing will seem to be a long term debate bombarded with ethical issues that take long to solve. These ethical dilemma although exist to offer ready solutions in healthcare financing, the whole issue boils down to whether the current happening in the health care industry offers beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. Reference Maharaj, S.R. and Paul, TJ. (2011). Ethical Issues in Healthcare Financing. West Indian Medical Journal. 60. (4): 31-44 Hurley, J. (2001). Ethics, economics, and public financing of health care. Journal of Medical Ethics. 27. (4): 234-239.

Free Essays on Motherly Love According To The She-Devil

Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement & Introductory †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 1 II. Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 2-3 III. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 We will define motherly love according to the She-Devil. We will also explore her actions feelings and reactions through out the tale. Based upon her actions we will investigate her motherly instinct to the death of her son, and how it ties in with human motherly instinct. First, what is motherly love? Is it the instinct that females gain after having a child, or the natural intuition? Well maybe it is a combination of many things that only a mother can understand, realize and embrace. There are so many queries and yet so little answers on this subject. Some of which will never be answered. However, the story we will discuss is John Gardner’s â€Å"Grendel†. The basis of story is the mother of Grendel, the She-Devil. The She-Devil enters as Grendel is killing and terrorizing Herot village and soon after the fight with Beowulf. With Grendel’s Mother, the thanes feel little attack. We see the warriors settling down to sleep in Herot after the huge celebration of Beowulf's victory over Grendel. They seem unaware of the fact that Grendel has kin who may come to avenge his death. However, meanwhile Grendel's mother is rapidly approaching Herot to gain revenge for her son. In her anger she rushes into the hall and viciously grabs Aeschere, who is Hroathgar’s closest friend. She also grabs her son’s arm and rushes out with her prisoner. When it is discovered a man is dead, sorrow is renewed. There is no more joy at Heorot, now that the she-monster has sought "payment" for the death of her son. Yet since she and her son are monsters little sympathy is felt among the men. For twelve long years Hrothgar's men were murdered. Beowulf put a stop to the madness when he killed Grendel. But no one has thought about Grendel's kin. When Grendel's moth... Free Essays on Motherly Love According To The She-Devil Free Essays on Motherly Love According To The She-Devil Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement & Introductory †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 1 II. Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 2-3 III. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 We will define motherly love according to the She-Devil. We will also explore her actions feelings and reactions through out the tale. Based upon her actions we will investigate her motherly instinct to the death of her son, and how it ties in with human motherly instinct. First, what is motherly love? Is it the instinct that females gain after having a child, or the natural intuition? Well maybe it is a combination of many things that only a mother can understand, realize and embrace. There are so many queries and yet so little answers on this subject. Some of which will never be answered. However, the story we will discuss is John Gardner’s â€Å"Grendel†. The basis of story is the mother of Grendel, the She-Devil. The She-Devil enters as Grendel is killing and terrorizing Herot village and soon after the fight with Beowulf. With Grendel’s Mother, the thanes feel little attack. We see the warriors settling down to sleep in Herot after the huge celebration of Beowulf's victory over Grendel. They seem unaware of the fact that Grendel has kin who may come to avenge his death. However, meanwhile Grendel's mother is rapidly approaching Herot to gain revenge for her son. In her anger she rushes into the hall and viciously grabs Aeschere, who is Hroathgar’s closest friend. She also grabs her son’s arm and rushes out with her prisoner. When it is discovered a man is dead, sorrow is renewed. There is no more joy at Heorot, now that the she-monster has sought "payment" for the death of her son. Yet since she and her son are monsters little sympathy is felt among the men. For twelve long years Hrothgar's men were murdered. Beowulf put a stop to the madness when he killed Grendel. But no one has thought about Grendel's kin. When Grendel's moth...

8 requisitos visas J-1 maestros para trabajar en EE.UU.

8 requisitos visas J-1 maestros para trabajar en EE.UU. Los maestros extranjeros que desean trabajar en Estados Unidos en las escuelas de primaria o de secundaria pueden obtener distintos tipos de visas para trabajar, como la H-1B para profesionales o la J-1, tambià ©n conocida como de intercambio. En este artà ­culo se explica quà © debe saberse del programa J-1 para docentes, incluida la obligacià ³n de residir fuera de Estados Unidos al finalizar el programa  y quà © agencias estn autorizadas para patrocinar una visa de este tipo.   Asimismo se explican los requisitos mà ­nimos que se piden para obtener la visa, quà © gastos corren de cuenta del maestro solicitante, quà © familiares pueden viajar a Estados Unidos con lo que se se conoce como visa derivada y, finalmente, si econà ³micamente compensa trabajar con una visa J-1. Pasos para J-1 para maestros extranjeros Obtener patrocinio a travà ©s de una agencia o un organismo oficialObtener el DS-2019Pagar SEVISAcudir a un consulado estadounidense para obtener visa J-1 Caracterà ­sticas de las visas para docentes J-1 Tiempo de vigencia La J-1 es una visa ampliamente utilizada por los que desean ejercer de profesores de primaria o secundaria en EE.UU. Su periodo de vigencia es de entre uno y tres aà ±os.   Cabe destacar que para enseà ±ar en una universidad se puede obtener este mismo tipo de visa, pero en otro programa.   Materias Puede enseà ±arse cualquier materia, desde Ciencias y Matemticas a Mà ºsica. Pero lo cierto es que todos los aà ±os se ofertan muchas plazas para docentes del idioma espaà ±ol. Obligacià ³n de salir de EE.UU. Al finalizar el contrato, el maestro debe necesariamente regresar a su paà ­s de origen. Adems, debern pasar al menos dos aà ±os antes de que pueda solicitar otra visa, como por ejemplo la H-1B, para entrar de nuevo en Estados Unidos. Incluso es posible solicitar de nuevo participar en el programa J-1. La visa J-1 no permite que se busque intencionadamente obtener una oferta de trabajo en EE.UU. o emigrar permanentemente a EE.UU. mediante la obtencià ³n de una tarjeta de residencia permanente. Aunque hay excepciones – conocidas como waiver– a esta regla de estancia fuera de EE.UU. por un periodo de dos aà ±os, lo cierto es que en la mayorà ­a de los casos es muy difà ­cil conseguir anular la obligacià ³n de regresar al paà ­s de origen por un par de aà ±os. Es fundamental entender esta restriccià ³n ya que sorprende a muchos maestros extranjeros ya que aplica incluso en casos en los que la persona con una visa J-1 se casa de buena fe con un ciudadano americano que a continuacià ³n pide los papeles para su cà ³nyuge extranjero. Este matrimonio no es suficiente para levantar la obligacià ³n de residir fuera de los Estados Unidos por dos aà ±os al acaba el programa. Patrocinador de profesores para enseà ±ar en EE.UU. El docente extranjero puede trabajar en una escuela pà ºblica, privada o una charter, es decir, una escuela pà ºblica gestionada privadamente. La à ºnica condicià ³n es que està ©n acreditadas con el programa. En este tipo de visas es fundamental la figura del patrocinador. Esta es una lista de 10 agencias autorizadas por el Departamento de Estado para contratar maestros extranjeros. No todos los patrocinadores son iguales y algunos estn especializados en determinadas materias o en determinados estados, por lo que se recomienda solicitar informacià ³n de varios de ellos y comparar antes de decidirse por uno de ellos. Los patrocinadores y la escuela proporcionarn al maestro toda la documentacià ³n necesaria, entre ellos el formulario DS-2019, para comenzar el proceso de peticià ³n de visa ante el consulado estadounidense correspondiente, que puede denegarla  por ser inelegible si no se cumplen todos los requisitos y tambià ©n si no se cumplen los requisitos para ser admitido a los Estados Unidos. Adems, el patrocinador ser el punto de contacto principal del maestro durante su estancia en EEUU y deber resolver cualquier problema que pueda surgir. 8 requisitos para obtener la visa J-1 para maestros Para que un maestro extranjero pueda trabajar en EE.UU. con una visa J-1 es necesario cumplir, como mà ­nimo, con los siguientes requisitos. Fluidez en inglà ©s. Pueden exigir un puntaje mà ­nimo en el TOEFL o pueden comprobarlo en una entrevista o ambas cosas.Tà ­tulo que de maestro de primaria o secundaria en su paà ­sCumplir con los requisitos de certificacià ³n para enseà ±ar que exija el estado de la Unià ³n americana en el que quiere enseà ±ar.Experiencia profesional mà ­nima de dos aà ±os (24 meses) como maestro o en una actividad relacionada.Disponibilidad para trabajar a jornada completa.  En muchos casos se pide que el maestro tenga licencia de manejar con una antigà ¼edad mà ­nima de dos aà ±os.Acreditacià ³n de los credenciales educativos por una organizacià ³n aprobada por el patrocinador de la visa.Finalmente, el candidato debe ser una persona de buen carcter moral. Es decir, bsicamente, que nunca haya sido condenado por un delito. Una condena puede hacer imposible conseguir una visa en un Consulado estadounidense. Viajar con familiares El maestro que obtenga una J-1 puede viajar a EEUU acompaà ±ado por su cà ³nyuge y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de edad. Los familiares obtendrn una visa J-2, de naturaleza derivada, esto es, si la J-1 es cancelada o expira, tambià ©n lo har la J-2. El marido o la mujer del maestro, que tendr una visa J-2, podr trabajar en EEUU siempre y cuando pida permiso al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y le sea concedido. Para solicitarlo debern probar que los ingresos se destinarn a mantenerse a sà ­ mismo y a hijos menores de edad, si los hubiese, pero no al titular de la J-1. Si à ©ste fuera el caso, el USCIS denegar el permiso. El formulario para pedir el permiso es el I-765 y que en la actualidad tiene un costo $410  para procesarlo y que puede incrementarse en cualquier momento. El permiso expirar al mismo tiempo que la visa. Los hijos de un maestro con J-1 y que tienen a su propio nombre una visa J-2 pueden estudiar en escuelas pà ºblicas o privadas de EE.UU. Quà © gastos pagan los docentes titulares de visas J-1 En primer lugar, se debe pagar la denominada tasa SEVIS por un importe de $220 para cubrir los gastos de gestià ³n del programa de intercambio. La excepcià ³n son los programas de intercambio con patrocinio federal. En estos casos no se paga tarifa por SEVIS y son los programas cuyos cà ³digos comienzan por G-1, G-2, G-3 o G-7. No se paga tarifa SEVIS para el cà ³nyuge e hijos del maestro que recibe la visa J-1. El pago de SEVIS debe hacerse directamente al Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS) antes de acudir al consulado a obtener la visa. Si el maestro viaja a EEUU con su familia, la tasa no aplica ni para los hijos ni para el cà ³nyuge. Es decir, sà ³lo la paga el titular de la J-1. A continuacià ³n deber pagarse un arancel de $160 por tener la visa estampada en el pasaporte. Cada uno de los familiares que acompaà ±e al maestro deber abonar otros $160 por cada visa derivada J-2 que se emita. Adems, algunos consulados exigen pequeà ±os gastos adicionales, como pago de hasta $20 por cerrar una cita por telà ©fono o abono por el envà ­o por correo de documentacià ³n. En el momento de acudir al Consulado o Embajada para ser entrevistado y obtener la visa hay que enfatizar que algunos consulados piden al solicitante una gran cantidad de documentacià ³n para probar que no tiene intencià ³n de quedarse en EEUU. Los requisitos varà ­an de paà ­s a paà ­s, hay que estar preparado para ello y lo cierto es que se pide ms documentacià ³n en los paà ­ses con un nà ºmero alto de nacionales que han violado los tà ©rminos de sus visas al no abandonar EEUU cuando tenà ­an que hacerlo. Salarios de maestros en Estados Unidos Trabajar en Estados Unidos como maestro brinda conocidas ventajas, como conocer otro paà ­s y practicar inglà ©s. Pero es tambià ©n importante saber  cunto ganan los maestros en Estados Unidos. Las cantidades varà ­an enormemente segà ºn el estado, la ciudad, la especialidad y los aà ±os trabajados. Adems, es importante conocer el monto de los impuestos y de la canasta alimenticia en el lugar donde se piensa trabajar. Puede suceder que se gane mucho ms que en el paà ­s de origen pero que, desde el punto de vista econà ³mico teniendo en cuenta los gastos, no resulte ventajoso. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Love between Fathers and children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Love between Fathers and children - Essay Example The first similarity is that the two poems have the dad as the main subject. In â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†, the poet states that â€Å"Sundays too My Father got up early/ and put his clothes on in the blueback cold† (1, 2). This line introduces the theme of the poem. In the entire poem, the poet continues to depict the figure and their role in the family setting. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† was the poet also introduces the father figure, â€Å"†¦the whisky on your breath/could make a small boy dizzy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 2). In this line, the narrator describes the habitual trait of their father. The same is emulated across the entire poem. The second similarity is that the two poems also depict the responsibility of the father in the family. In â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† the poet asserts that, â€Å"we romped until the pans/ slid from the kitchen shelf† (4, 5). This line introduced the role of the dad depicted in the poem. In addition, the poem also displayed an exceptional responsibility of the father in the poem. In the poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† the poet states that, â€Å"who had driven out the cold/and polished my good shoes as well† (11, 12). This line depicts the father’s responsibility in the family setting. In addition, the narrator appreciates and recognizes the efforts of their father. The major difference in the two poems is that the perception of the father figure is represented differently. In â€Å"My Papa’s, Waltz† the narrator is appreciative of the role of the father. The narrator states that, â€Å"†¦then waltzed me off to bed/ still clinging to your shirt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (15, 16). The narrator appreciated the efforts put by their father to make their night confortable. However ¸ in â€Å"Those Winter Days†, the narrator is fearful of their father; fearing the chronic angers of that house. In the poem, the narrator describes their father as one to be feared for their personality. In addition, the narrator includes

How to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect Essay

How to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect in the manufacturing level and lose of sales in the retailer level in the supply chain for finished goods - Essay Example he research methodology to be undertaken to find answers for the research question for controlling the bullwhip effect right from manufacturer’s level to retailer’s level. And VMI is just one of the methods and the research has to a long way to identify an ideal method. . According to the survey of the U.S. Commerce Department reported in 2002, trade in the United States is characterized by $ 1.1 trillion inventory for just $ 3.2 trillion of retail sales per year. The value of inventory in each of the supply chain is $ 400 billion at retail outlets, $ 290 billion at the wholesalers’ or distributors’ warehouses and $ 450 billion with manufacturers’ factory or warehouses locations. Where as, such a stockpile should be of a comfortable reserve in stock in trade, there is actually out-of-stock situation at all the points. It has been reported that 8.2 % of the shoppers still go without buying what they need and thus out-of-stock position represents 6.5 % of retail sales as a whole. Even if the retailers manage to supply alterative products, lost sales on account of this situation turn out to be 3.1% of the total sales. Though 3.1 % appears negligible, it is a substantial loss of retail margins at micro as well as macro level. And los s of customers’ goodwill is beside the point. It is noteworthy that this situation is not due to want of inventory or resources (Lee, 2002). This situation is brought about by what is called bullwhip effect which this research proposes to study. The seemingly negligible impact of bullwhip effect actually translates into lost sales and loss of profit of significant proportions and is therefore an important area in a supply chain that needs to be analyzed for being avoided. Accurate demand forecasting is apparently the possible solution . Therefore aim and objective of this research is to ascertain how to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect in the manufacturing level and loss of sales in the retailer

Total Environments, Health, and Safety Management in Nestle Essay

Total Environments, Health, and Safety Management in Nestle - Essay Example Employees are important part of any firm, whether big or small. Their behavior, attitude and personal hygiene plays a significant role in making the organization’s environment clean and healthy.Nestle considers the knowledge and attitude of its employees about health and safety and always come up with certain program which enhance the knowledge of its employees. The personal hygiene of the employees is the top most thing because a person can make the surroundings clean if only he or she is clean.Considering major element, it also includes the standards in every aspect. Nestle takes it as an important task which comprises each and every input, whether policies or plans, from process to progress. The best way to implement the above elements for healthy and safe environment is continuous monitoring and Nestle is doing the job quite impressively. Nestle plans such workshops which helps the employees in the identification of the hazards and related risk assessment. It includes the recognition of the health and safety hazards, its listing and risk rating of each hazard and the counter act for it. It also includes decision making and steps that may be necessary to reduce, minimize or control the risks.Nestle is organizing events like â€Å"Safety Awareness Week† in its factories with devotion, commitment and understanding to endorse safe working conditions of its employees, visitors and contractors. Not only this days like Environment Day and Earth Day is also observed at Nestle worldwide.... the knowledge and attitude of its employees about health and safety and always come up with certain program which enhance the knowledge of its employees. The personal hygiene of the employees is the top most thing because a person can make the surroundings clean if only he or she is clean. Considering major element, it also includes the standards in every aspect. Nestle takes it as an important task which comprises each and every input, whether policies or plans, from process to progress. The best way to implement the above elements for healthy and safe environment is continuous monitoring and Nestle is doing the job quite impressively. Nestle plans such workshops which helps the employees in the identification of the hazards and related risk assessment. It includes the recognition of the health and safety hazards, its listing and risk rating of each hazard and the counter act for it. It also includes decision making and steps that may be necessary to reduce, minimize or control the risks. Nestle is organizing events like â€Å"Safety Awareness Week† in its factories with devotion, commitment and understanding to endorse safe working conditions of its employees, visitors and contractors. Not only this days like Environment Day and Earth Day is also observed at Nestle worldwide. Efforts like this and many others have been done in Nestle so that a healthy and safe environment is created in the factories and offices round the globe. Following the above steps, any organization can bring the higher standards in their product and can built trust among its costumers. By making a safe and healthy environment we can move towards a prosperous world and also towards greener tomorrow. Safety Visions, goals and Objectives Nestle is one the leading multinational companies. Being the

advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation

advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation 1.0 Executive Summary This proposal examines broad areas of issues in advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation in messages as problem in the communication field. The first section elaborates about that background of advertising, followed by the definitions of problems. In the later section, an integrated oriented literature review of previous research conducted will give a short insight of the methods and social research that were carried out. In section 4.0, the objectives of the proposed study will give the highlights what the study can obtain and follow by the methods of research, data collection and analysis. The summary of the proposal is included in the section 6.0, which is the conclusion. 2.0 Background To The Problem 2.01 Advertising Belch and Belch (2004) defined advertising as space or time that is bought by an identified sponsor to use any form of nonpersonal communication elements (e.g., television, radio, magazines, or newspapers) to deliver messages to a large number of individuals of potential consumers, frequently at the same time about an organisation, product or service (Belch Belch, 2004, pp16). Wells, et al (2003) alleged that advertisements strive to satisfy consumers objectives by engaging them and delivering a relevant message. Hence, the consumer may remember the advertisement if it is sufficiently entertaining and possibly learn to relate the advertisement to personal needs. Furthermore, the information extracted from the advertisement may provide incentive and reinforce the consumers decision. Whilst from the advertisers perspective, the definitive objective of placing an advertisement is to persuade or influence consumers to do something. The advertiser aims to move consumers to action by attaining the consumers attention, seizing their interests for a period of time to convince the consumers to change their behaviours, try the advertisers product or build brand loyalty (Wells, el at 2003, pp.5). According to Wells, et al (2003) people are concerned about the society being overrun by advertisements, thus many aspects of ethical advertising issues such as advocacy, accuracy and acquisitiveness are being investigated. Hence, advertisers must make mindful decisions to either adhere or breach the codes of ethics (Wells, el at 2003, pp.30 33). 2.02 Problem Definitions Wells, et al (2003) articulate puffery as one of the key issues in advertising, which is defined as ‘advertising or other sales representation, which praise the item to be sold with subjective opinions and superlatives or exaggerations, vaguely and generally stating no specific proofs, the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of puffery indicated that reasonable people do not believe such claims whilst there are public who expects the advertisers to prove the truth of their superlative messages. Ergo, advertisers are advised to conduct necessary research that verifies facts about ethical messages for effective advertising. Advertisers and advertising agencies that have insights into the minds of the potential consumers views and evidences on their perceptions will prove to be helpful in assessing what are ethical conducts (Wells, el at 2003, pp.33 34). Wells, et al (2003) elucidate ‘subliminal messages is transmitted below the threshold of normal perception, where the receiver is not consciously aware of receiving, the embedment of messages are placed to manipulate. Research has yet to prove subliminal messages can affect behaviours due to physiological limitations, while the results in different research has shown indications that subliminal stimuli can cause some types of minor reactions (Wells, el at 2003, pp.42). This proposed research aims to examine the hierarchy of issues in advertising from the consumers perspectives, hence the research process is designated to investigate the important levels of attention, cognitive learning and motivational messages in advertising. 3.0 Literature Review The evidence from studies on advertising overwhelming indicates that additional studies are needed to cover the broad spectrum of issues concerning advertising practice. Rosbergen, et al (1997) adduce a methodology to examine the effects of physical ads of consumers attention to visuals elements on the accounts of heterogeneity, to inquire when and how consumers devote their attention to commercial stimuli and what determines the consumers attentional strategies and patterns. The proposed methodology was driven by the lack of research conducted on consumer attention, even though the importance of attention has been acknowledged (Rosbergen, et al 1997, pp.305). A growing body of research indicates that exposures to ubiquitous advertisements over a period of time have lead to increased physical dissatisfaction amongst a large proportion of women (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408). Other research findings proved that women portrayed in the advertisements do not control for attractiveness. For example, Posavac, et al (1998) compared viewing fashion models with realistically-sized women ‘you might meet in everyday life. Although they do not report attractiveness ratings, they note that the attractiveness of models is accentuated by artificial means. (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408) There are many theoretical reasons to expect that consumer reactions to advertising are affected by their response to the program or print material in which the advertising is inserted. Indeed many studies have looked at the impact of media context on the effectiveness of advertising. At present, however, two major issues arise with this literature. One concerns the need for more specific theories about how media context can affect advertising as well as the other relates to when context affects advertising positively and when it affects it negatively. (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408) Researchers increasingly recognise the interest in on the psychology of consumers has been steadily on the rise. Much of this research has focused on changes in information processing (e.g., Roedder-John and Cole 1986). The research indicates that, consumers of different ages have different level of susceptibility to misleading advertising (Gaeth and Heath 1987) and the truth-inflating effects of repetition (Law, Hawkins, and Craik 1998; Skurnik et al. 2005). The research has shown evidences that consumers of younger age rely more on schema-based whilst older consumers adopt detailed processing strategies. However, aging also has important effects on motivational processes that can significantly affect information processing. In particular, aging is associated with an increase in the motivation to attend to emotional versus factual information (e.g., Labouvie-Vief and Blanchard-Fields 1982; Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.343) Williams and Drolet (2005) conducted their first study on how time horizon perspective affects older and young adult consumers attitudes toward and recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals. The experiment 1 design was a 2 (age group: older vs. young) x 2 (appeal type: emotional vs. rational) x 3 (time horizon perspective: limited vs. expansive vs. control). In control conditions, where the researchers were expecting age to interact with appeal type that: (1) older participants will have more favourable attitudes toward and better recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals and (2) young participants will have more favourable attitudes toward and better recall of rational (vs. emotional) appeals (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.345). Additionally to expectation time horizon perspective to moderate the above effects such that in limited time horizon conditions, where researchers anticipate young participants will show increased attitudes toward and recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals. In expansive time horizon conditions, Williams and Drolet (2005) look at the prospect of older participants showing increased attitudes toward and recall of rational (vs. emotional) appeals (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.346) From the analysis tested for potential differences due to the use of two different products (coffee and film), the results indicated no significant differences in results (all ps 1 .30), and analysis are collapsed across the two products. The product categories were tested to use as a potential covariate in the analysis. No effects were significant ( ps 1 .30) and were not discussed further. As expected by Williams and Drolet (2005) the findings from Experiment 1 indicated that in the control time horizon conditions, older participants had greater liking and recall of the emotional appeals whilst the younger participants had greater liking and recall of the rational appeals. Whilst in limited time horizon conditions, both older and young participants attitudinal and memory responses were higher for the emotional appeals. In contrast, in the expansive time horizon conditions, the attitudinal and memory responses were higher for the rational appeals for both groups. As an afterword for Experiment 1, which have proven that age and time horizon perspective moderate responses to emotional and rational appeals to older and young adults. The results compiled from Experiment 1 differ from results of previous research (e.g. Fung and Carstensen 2003), which had inadequate evidence.(Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.345) In Experiment 2, Williams and Drolet (2005) examine how differences in age and time horizon perspective influence consumers attitudes toward and recall of emotional appeals that focus on the avoidance of negative emotional experiences. Participants were instructed to read either a positively framed or negatively framed emotional appeal of one of two emotional products. After reading the appeal, participants were required to answer questions about their attitudes toward products. After that, participants were required to do manipulation checks and answered product use and demographic questions. Lastly, participants were asked to recall all they could about the appeal that they have read earlier (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.349 50). Williams and Drolet (2005) tested for differences by using two emotional products (greeting cards and flowers). The analysis found no significant differences in results ( ps 1 .30). Hence, Experiment 2 have shown indications that aging and time horizon perspective impact and preferences for emotional versus rational appeals, but also preferences for different types of emotional appeals. Specifically, that avoidance of negative emotional outcomes is more preferable and has higher memory retention among both groups of older and younger participants in limited time horizon view. On the contrary, younger and older participants who had an expansive time horizon view generated were preferably higher on positive emotions and are more memorable (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.351). Gunter, et el (2005) have preliminary evidence that can lead advertisers to believe that effectiveness of advertisements on consumers retention and comprehension of messages relies on the placement of television programs, positioning of ads in print materials or radio airtime. The nature of the advertising environment can affect memory for embedded advertising as a result of cognitive interference effects when and where the advertisement formats are congruent semantically (Furnham, Bergland, Gunter, 2002;Furnham, Gunter, Richardson, 1999) or in terms of format (Gunter, Baluch, Duffy, Furnham, 2001); or as a function of program-induced moods (Goldberg Corn, 1987; Kamins, Marks Skinner, 1991; Schumann, 1986). Arousal (Mundorf, Zillman, Drew, 199 1; Pavelchak, Antil, Munch, 1988), or excitement (Singh, Churchill, Hitchon, 1987). While unpleasant arousal or interference can impede memory for embedded advertisements, the degree to which any advertisement format involves or appeals also can affect memory (Gunter, et al 2005, pp. 1680) 4.0 Objective of Proposed Research The objective of the research is to provide advertisers and advertising agencies to have insights to create ethical, effective and efficient advertisements to publics. The collection and analysis of consumers personal information from various electronic media and tools with the advancements and improvements in the new age of technologies and research methods, advertisers are able to analyse consumers information, perception and behaviours. 4.01 Methods This study aims to investigate which element in advertising precedes primary in the minds of the consumers, by taking into account the possible role of attention, puffery and motivational messages in advertising. The use of focus group interviews allows researchers to generate information that can be used to design effective, ethical and efficient messages in advertising. Focus group interviews can provide researchers with relevant perceptions and attitudes of selected participants (Frey, et al 2000, pp.221). In addition for more insight and higher success of the interviews, four facilitators will be acquired to guide and lead the focus group interviews. The facilitators will introduce the topics; encourage participations and probes for more information. The participants will be exposed to advertisements of different materials (e.g., television commercials, radio commercials, magazines ads, or newspapers ads). The participants will be divided into four focus groups that will be videotaped and recorded with written consents given by the participants. Every participant will be asked to provide demographic information including age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, and religion. The members of the research team were present to greet and support the focus group, by playing the roles of complete participant, participant observer, observer participant and complete observer via listening to the discussions, and record field notes (Frey, et al 2000, pp.269). Male and female participants will be assigned randomly to 4 treatment conditions, ensuring equal numbers of 5 each gender per condition: Group 1- television commercials and magazine print ads; Group 2- radio commercials and newspaper ads; Group 3- television commercials and radio commercials; and Group 4 magazine print ads and newspaper ads. Each group will spend 30 minutes on the different advertising formats that will be played in a small theatre room that will be fully equipped with a large screen, enhanced audio systems, desks and refreshments. After observing the different formats of advertising, each group will be lead into discussions by the facilitators, where participants will be encouraged to express themselves freely about their experiences, opinions and perceptions. Before finalising the focus group sessions, participants will be given three set of questionnaires to answer. Commercials rating questionnaire. On the program rating questionnaire, participants will use a 10-point scale to rate the advertisements, which they have watch, heard or seen in the focus group session on 12 evaluative scales (absorbing, hostile, arousing, disturbing, engaging, entertaining, enjoyable, exciting, happy, violent, interesting, and involving). Each scale ranged from 1 (not at an> to 10 (extremely). Free-recall questionnaire. A free-recall questionnaire will ask participants to write everything they could remember about the advertisements that they saw. They will be required to write down the name of the product and the brand advertised, and any details of the advertising message. Such details could include specific product-related information, such as price, promotional appeals, specific strengths or benefits, presence of celebrity endorser, and other idiosyncratic features of the advertisement. Brand recognition questionnaire. A brand recognition questionnaire will test participants memory for the brands advertised in the duration of the focus group. Participants will be asked to indicate as many brands as they could remember that appeared during the focus group. Each correct answer was scored 1 point, while incorrect choices were given 0 points. 4.02 Data Collection and Analysis All the members of the research team who will engage in a series of meetings to review and compare the four focus groups coding schemes The meetings will audio-recorded, and then the selected portions of the recordings were transcribed to review dialogue through which concepts will be refined. Metaphor analysis and fantasy theme analysis can best complement the data collected from the focus groups interviews. Metaphor analysis will allow researchers to investigate into participants figures of speech in a word or phrase that denotes one object to another, while fantasy theme analysis allows participants to interact between one another and share stories and experiences (Frey, et al 2000, pp.285). The questionnaires will be content-analysed and compared against a pretested list of salient points that had been identified for each advertisement. The research will be compiled into an informal structure report written by the researchers in first-person singular voice, which signifies rhetorical assumption of naturalistic paradigm (Frey, et al 2000, pp.20). Every participant will be treated as a unit of analysis in analytic strategy to consider the participants behaviours, attitudes, perception and cognitive process. 5.0 Timeline The proposed timeline of research is as below: Week 1 Selecting Respondents Or Target Participants Week 2 Setting the environment for focus groups Week 3 Conducting Focus Group Interviews Week 4 Conducting Focus Group Interviews Week 5 Collection of Data Week 6 Compiling Of Data and Transfer Data Into Transcripts Week 7 Analysis Of Data Week 8 Compilation of Report Week 9 Compilation Of Report 6.0 Conclusion The proposed study has important social implications that can provide advertisers and advertising agencies with more concrete and overwhelming findings to help overcome the issues that are threatening the effects and impacts of advertising on individuals. Hence, the study can result in advertisers creating ethical, efficient and effective advertisements that can influence and persuade individuals with motivational messages that affect emotional appeals positively. 7.0 References Belch, G. E. Belch, M. A. 2004, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, 6th edn, McGraw Hill, Singapore. Frey, L., Botan, C. Kreps, G. 2000, Investigating Communication: An Introduction to Research Methods, 2nd edn, Allyn Bacon, Needham Heights, MA. Gunter, B., Furnham, A. Pappa, E. 2005, Effects of television violence on memory for violent and nonviolent advertising, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol 35, no. 8, pp. 1680 97. Halliwell, E., Dittmar, H. Howe, J. 2005, The impact of advertisements featuring ultra-thin or average-size models on women with a history of eating disorders, Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology, vol 15, pp. 406 13. Jacoby, J. Hoyer, H. 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