Individual Operations Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singular Operations Management Report - Essay Example In the wake of directing an investigation utilizing Statistical procedure control apparatuses, the organization found that there forms are crazy and they are not satisfying the quality guidelines. Chapter by chapter guide Introduction and Problem Description: 3 Methodology: 3 Results: 4 Types of Data: 4 3 Sigma control for the procedures: 4 Discussion and proposals: 7 Conclusion: 8 Bibliography: 9 Appendix: 10 Introduction and Problem Description: RTP Industries is one of the most prestigious makers of steel and aluminum items. The organization holds its stride in the significant nations of the world and works all around. Because of solid rivalry in the ongoing years from Chinese and Indian producers, the organization has lost a critical segment of its piece of the pie. To restore itself, the organization is accentuating on innovative work program so as to enhance new items. Quality has remained the top need from that point forward as the organization expects that through quality aff irmation and control it can again help its deals. All out Quality administration has been at the core of company’s vision and it has been acquainting apparatuses and methods with keep up the nature of its items. One of the instruments it has as of late conveyed is Statistical Process Control for estimating the presentation of the assembling procedure and to let distinguish it there are any shortcomings simultaneously. As of late, the organization has gotten a great deal of objections with respect to the pressure driven items. It was accepted that the errors in the size and surface nature of the steel poles are causing spillages in water powered items. Technique: In request to satisfy the necessary guidelines and improve its quality, the quality supervisor has wanted to run a Statistical Process Control Analysis. A Statistical procedure control includes an arbitrary inspecting of the yield of the procedure which decides if the procedure is satisfying the quality guidelines or not. For the above reason, the quality administrator has haphazardly gathered information on tests of three steel bars every day. The quality supervisor gathered two sorts of information The width of the chose steel bars was estimated and recorded in centimeters over a multi day term. The quantity of surface blunders in the chose steel bars was determined and recorded over a multi day time span. Results: Types of Data: There are two distinct kinds of information given to us in this situation. The principal information is worried about the widths of the chose steel poles. As we realize that width is a consistent factors and it can take any esteem consequently we will utilize a x outline as a Statistical procedure control diagram to screen the procedure. The second arrangement of information contains data about the quantity of surface blunders in the chose steel bars. The second kind of information has utilized inspecting through qualities measure for the assortment reason. Since it c ontains data about whether there are surface mistakes in the steel bar along these lines it is estimating the traits of the steel bars. We will utilize a c diagram as a Statistical Process Control apparatus for observing this procedure since there are more than one surface blunders in some steel bars so we will tally number of mistakes per steel bar. 3 Sigma control for the procedures: Size of measurements of poles: For the main example of information in regards to the distance across of the

Ben Hamper

For Ben Hamper it was unavoidable that he would wind up working in the General Motors manufacturing plant in Flint, Michigan. He was a third era â€Å"shop-rat† following in the strides of his family and more distant family. Taking a shot at the Rivet Line for General Motors was a long way from what Hamper needed to do with his life. Lamentably for Hamper this was the main employment where he was getting acceptable compensation and had the option to drink consistently. Hamper confronted many high points and low points being an American autoworker; the working conditions, work the executives relations and mental issues to name a few.It would in the long run be the mental issues that would lead Hamper away from General Motors and the vehicle business. Hamper didn't begin with an arrangement to work the Rivet Line as his profession. He needed to be a rescue vehicle driver, yet that later left as he became more seasoned. Hamper was a brilliant child who might at times make the res pect roll; however he grumbles that he didn't have anything better to do yet schoolwork. His dad, Ben Hamper II was only normal. Hamper II was hitched however infrequently worked, and when he was not working he was at the nearest bar he could find.Hamper’s father was likewise a Rivet Line specialist, much the same as his dad before him, etc. It was a family undertaking to work in the car business. Hamper portrays â€Å"Flint, Michigan. The Vehicle City. Greaseball Mecca. The origin of crash rockers Grand Funk Railroad, game show nerd Bob Eubanks and a side interest shop called General motors† (15), in all probability having to do with the way that inside the encompassing zones of Flint were ten other automobile industry shops. Maybe Hamper was naturally introduced to the Rivet line. Before Hamper working at General Motors, he painted houses.Right in the wake of graduating secondary school Hamper discovered his better half, Joanie, was pregnant and he wedded her. He bef ore long found a new line of work painting houses, yet that was not making enough benefit for his family. Joanie then found a new line of work while Hamper remained at home and drank and utilized medications with his neighbors, which is the point at which his family started self-destructing. Before long Hamper would get that getting a line of work would have been troublesome, in light of the fact that in the mid-1970s Flint, Michigan went into a downturn. Hamper arrived at the resolution that he would have no real option except to find a new line of work at General Motors. This was significantly more troublesome than Hamper ould have suspected. Because of the downturn, Hampers endeavor at applying at GM was a since a long time ago shot. They were not recruiting and not giving out any applications. Luckily for Hamper his companion got recruited and had the option to find him a line of work. Out of the considerable number of stations that Hamper would have needed to wind up working, h is least most loved was the Cab Shop, where General Motors the executives positioned him. The activity came simple for Hamper, maybe in view of its reiteration it required. Hamper expresses that â€Å"Every minute, consistently, every truck and each development was a trudging copy of one that had gone before† (41).It was an occupation of redundancy and dullness, which was in the long run going to make him insane. The mental costs that Hamper got because of working in the auto processing plants were predictable. The endless redundancy, and the exhausting days were going to make him insane. Drinking was one approach to adapt to the monotonous work day. Hamper depends on his colleagues for down to earth jokes and chitchat. In spite of the fact that a few specialists couldn't take the consistent redundancy, was Roy. Roy was a Rivet line specialist simply like Hamper, however he was utilizing drugs. Maybe it was the medications that made him catch a mouse and send it through the b olt line.Hamper realized that it was the working conditions that sent numerous men over the edge. They would make up games like â€Å"Rivet hockey† or played a game of cards to take a break. Be that as it may, Hamper discovered different approaches to relax at the manufacturing plant, he composed. He composed sonnets, articles and original copies, even the book called â€Å"Rivethead† while at General Motors. The impacts the economy had on these laborers was unpleasant from the start, however then Hamper talks about the processing plant returning onto its feet, â€Å"summer and fall of 1977, the truck plant was hummin’ six days every week, nine hours for each shift† (44).People were going through cash again and purchasing autos. Hamper and his work accomplice built up a plan they called â€Å"doubling up†. This was a path for Hamper and his accomplice to take longer breaks and accomplish less work for the duration of the day. Things were searching up for the processing plant and its laborers, until the board asserted there would have been an adjustment in the state of affairs done. Hamper would need to place in more work, which at that point lead to another downturn hitting, and to individuals getting laid off. This set the General Motor manufacturing plant once more into a descending winding. There was a nnouncement, given by Roger Smith, expressing that a considerable lot of the General Motors industrial facilities would be shutting down. Hamper depicts it as â€Å"My ambushed old neighborhood resembled some beat up middleweight laying its backside on the ropes, concealing its delicate paunch, wanting to just last out the round† (68). The town of Flint was confronting one more downturn, and during the time spent turning into the least fortunate town in Michigan. For Hamper, it was either remain in Flint where there were no occupations, or move to Pontiac, Michigan and drive for work. Preceding moving to Pontiac, he w ould be laid off for around nine months.Hamper gathered joblessness and immediately found that he was getting more cash by gathering as opposed to working. At last the opportunity arrived for him to drive to Pontiac. Hamper completes the process of working in Pontiac and moves back to working for General Motors in Flint. Where more cutback were happening and now and again he was jobless for a year. While living in Flint, Hamper keeps in touch with Michael Moore, who is a man answerable for the liberal cloth called the Flint Voice. Moore was satisfied with Hampers works and called him, set up a gathering and extended to Hamper an unpaid employment opportunity of composing highlight articles.He acknowledged and this was the beginning of Hamper and Moore’s companionship. Before long their relationship would transform into a lot greater things for Hamper. His segment was being perused and getting famous, even by the divider Street Journal. This appeared to be a defining moment fo r Hamper, yet his fits of anxiety began happening once he moved to Pontiac. Throughout the spring of 1988, Hampers alarm assaults would bamboozle him and it was the last time he would leave the auto processing plant. Ben Hamper was a third era General Motors processing plant worker.It was a long way from what he needed to do with his life growing up. Working in the auto processing plants for Hamper resembled it was in his blood. He got the activity rapidly and before long discovered ways around it. For the common laborers man like Hamper and his numerous colleagues at the General Motors plant, was hard. Numerous laborers had occupations, and afterward would get laid off, etc. They confronted low compensation for the measure of work they expected to place in, while now and again other needed to drive two hours for work. The mental issues that happened to the laborers were for the most part mental and alcoholism.Hamper being succumbing to both, realized that it was the ideal opportuni ty for him to escape the business and move onto something he cherished. He was an essayist, and turned out to be strikingly acclaimed for it. Maybe it was Michael Moore who previously gave Hamper his introduction into the composing scene, yet it worked for Hamper. Hamper is an all around achieved man for being raised by a mother who maintained two sources of income and a dad who was quite often missing. Hamper realized that he would be more than a â€Å"shop-rat† like his dad and granddad. He has become famous, and that is the thing that he ought to be pleased with.

What is Live Lit and How Can I Read It

What is Live Lit and How Can I Read It This post is a bit of an oxymoron. Live Lit isn’t meant to be experienced through the pages of a book. Though it shares similarities with book readings, it has no intention of getting you to read a book either, at least not directly. Book readings, as much as I love them and have a valid purpose, always come off as a tad stuffy and stiff. The selection is usually carefully selected to entice the reader to finish the whole story in their own time. It is all very polite. There is a thin layer of separation between the author and the work, the work and the audience, and the writer and their fan. By its very nature, it leaves you wanting more. With Live Lit, those artificial barriers seem to collapse into an experience that feels more like communion. Many of you may have heard of The Moth and the gist of Live Lit events around the country is more or less similar: storytellers take the stage to present an original story in front of a live audience. I usually tell friends that it’s a bit like stand up comedy, except you get one long anecdote and there is no obligation to be funny. Not all shows are the same and what you gravitate towards will, of course, be determined by personal taste. Some shows require a first-person true-to-life narrative, others do not. Some shows let performers read off the page, others frown upon it. Some let you ramble for as long as you want, some have a strict time limit. Whatever the guidelines may be, witnessing this hybrid art form tends to be more electrifying than a regular reading. Even in those cases where writers use notes, the performance allows itself to improvise the material and feed off the audience reactions. Plus, the short format gives the audience the intense, meaty bite of a complete story. In Chicago, where I currently live, you can find a Live Lit show pretty much on any given day and there’s also a booming scene in New York, Austin, Los Angeles and most major cities. Those brave enough to take the stage are not always part of the literary establishment and many don’t have it as their ultimate goal. It gives readersâ€"or in this case, listenersâ€"a chance to hear stories that are unfiltered through the somewhat elitist and cutthroat filter of traditional publishing and media. The medium though has also seen talents go from bright-eyed newbies to full-on powerhouses, with bylines in The New York Times, TV pilots and their very own paperbacks to call their own. I encourage you to find one in your town or at least download episodes of The Moth, Mortified, and Miss Spoken to name a few. For those who are intrigued by Live Lit but can’t make it to a show just yet, there’s hope. Here are a few books where you can read the thrilling words of writers who first expressed them via the stage. The Moth Presents All These Wonders: True Stories About Facing the Unknown For a lit movement that is pretty grassroots, The Moth is arguably the most established presence. Long gone are the days when unknown people took to the mic, having put on shows in pretty much every major city and invited such distinguished guests like Mike Birbiglia to speak their truth. The newest collection from the non-profit organization boasts a foreword by Neil Gaiman and stories from much-loved darlings like Louis C.K., Meg Wolitzer and John Turturro. Nevertheless, you can also find stories from regular folk that have made a name for themselves in this circuit, like the great Shannon Cason. It’s a great introduction to what Live Lit can do and what it’s accomplished. Once I Was Cool: Personal Essays by Megan Stielstra Stielstra is known for finding meaning in the heartbreaks and joys of daily life and tackling them with humor and compassion. The essays in this book range from a hilarious rage-defense of being nice to the deeply moving loneliness of postpartum depression. Her new book of essays, The Wrong Way to Save Your Life, will be out later this summer. Bare-Knuckled Lit: The Best of WRITE CLUB  edited by Ian Belknap and Lindsay Muscato Perennial Chicago favorite, Write Club is one of the most joyfully raucous and thought-provoking shows in the scene. Two performers are each assigned opposing concepts. Think, fight vs. flight or love vs. hate. They then have seven minutes to defend their idea to an audience that will later name one victorious. This anthology compiles some of the best debates from the show in short, pithy, but no less effective, essays. Meaty by Samantha Irby With a TV pilot based on this book on the way, I am so ready for the Samantha Irby takeover. Irreverent, blunt and always willing to go where other writers won’t, Irby is a force of nature onstage and off. Fans of her blog Bitches Gotta Eat and her former show Guts Glory will recognize her candor when describing bouts with Crohn’s Disease, her habit of thumb sucking, growing up poor in an affluent neighborhood and dealing with the loss of her parents. Her new book, We Are Never Meeting in Real Life, is at the top of my summer reading list and it should be on yours too.

Essay on Government Actions to Prevent Economic Crises

Introduction At least for a while, the bear seems to have buried the bull. Wall Street doesn’t seem as shiny as it used to. The global economy has just recently come out of a deep recession. At a time like this, it is particularly relevant to examine the role of the State in overcoming economic crises. Although government intervention in the matters of a fair free-market is not entirely consistent with the doctrine of economic liberalism which has been today vindicated as a necessity in a free society, in practical terms, it is impossible for the government to be not involved in something so intrinsic to the over-all well being of its subjects. But what can the government do to get the country out of an economic slump? What many†¦show more content†¦According to Jonung (2009), the bank support was of crucial importance because it guaranteed the durability of the banking system by restoring confidence in the Swedish institutions. The Riksbank (Swedish central bank) ensured unlimited liquidity by effectively acting as a lender of last resort. The Swedish ministry of finance attacked the crisis with a twofold approach. Firstly, ‘Banks in trouble were asked to obtain capital from their shareholders,’ on failure of which, the banks would have been confiscated and brought under public control. This was a crucial part of the recovery package which pushed banks to the edge in their efforts in the battle for survival, thus minimizing the moral hazard problems. This is in sharp contrast to the towering moral hazard problems which the U.S. faces with the corporate bailouts in the automobile and financial industry. Secondly, the finance ministry created the ‘Bank Support Authorityâ €™ which supervised the process of splitting the assets of the major Swedish banks into a bad bank and a good bank and managed them according to their prospects. The initial investment that Sweden made on the policy response to the crisis was more than 4% of its GDP but with the recovery of profitability of banks the net spending by the government was less than 2%Show MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 20071646 Words   |  7 Pagesand brought about huge economic consequences that are still being felt to this day. Within the United States, the crisis undoubtedly resulted in a surge in poverty and unemployment, a significant drop in consumption, and the loss of trust in the capitalist economic system. Because of globalization, this crisis was felt through the intertwined global markets, affecting underdeveloped countries even more. Historical events from the past have taught us that financial crises such as the one we sufferedRead MoreWhat Is A Financial Crisis?1671 Words   |  7 PagesThen economic activity will collapse† (p.165). Throughout history the United States of America has experienced six significant financial crises. E ach crisis left the United States of America’s economy is disarray. Furthermore, many economists believe that a major economic crisis occurs about every seven years. Consequently, this raises the question, should the United States Government bailout financial institutions during an economic crisis? In this paper, I will prove how financial crises haveRead MoreImf As An International Financial Institution Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1997-1998 Indonesian Economic Crises. IMF Interventions - Lessons to learn. Introduction. 1997 to1998 saw the East Asian nations of Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea engulfed in an economic and financial crises that nearly collapsed their economies. The IMF was at the center stage to help during these crises. How IMF’s assistance further deepened Indonesia’s economic crises, received heavy criticism from Political, economic and social analyst against IMF s programs and Policies in DevelopingRead MoreThe Crisis Of Our Crises1592 Words   |  7 PagesCrisis of our Crises, Jeremy Adelman and Anne-Laure Delatte focus on this inverse effect, and the response (or, lack thereof) of policymakers to deal with the crises that emerge from it. The argument that Adelman and Delatte presents in their article in favor of an integrative approach to international crises is certainly plausible due to the fact that globalization is viewed as a function of political economy, and liberal policy that facilitates cooperation in both politics and economics is necessaryRead Mor eThe Success Of The Great Recession1375 Words   |  6 Pageslasted from 2008 to 2010 is often regarded as the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression which took place during the 1930s. The causes of both crises can be said to be similar as both lie in the actions of the federal government. While the crash of the stock market in 1929 is said to be one of the major causes and sometimes even the main cause of the Great Depression, there are also other circumstances that led to this economic crisis. Bank failures during the 1930s also added to declineRead MoreBanks Ceo Incentives and Credit Crisis1603 Words   |  7 Pagesinvesting in the riskier assets has createdis one of the factors argued to have the foundation ofstarted the financial crises. Beltratti and Stulz (2012) stated the examining the performance of the banks is crucial during the debt crises. Aligning the Compensation with long Tem Performance †¦. In the past, the role of the bank’s CEOs was only discussed in the areas of economic and corporate governance, but now this has been shifted towards the business ethics. Some of the scholars, such as ChengRead MoreExecutive Compensation655 Words   |  3 PagesProblems: As a result of the current economic crises, many companies are experiencing massive financial losses. These companies are reducing salaries and cutting peoples’ jobs while executives are maintaining high compensations. Using tax payer’s money, the US Government is assisting these financially struggling companies through the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). TARP was created to assist these companies to ultimately allow them to survive and prevent massive job loss. Tax payers are concernedRead MoreEssay On Trends And Issues In Alberta1129 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems. Police are challenged with increased crime rates, staffing, and diversified populations. The government of Alberta declared an astonishing 9% unemployment rate as of late 2016. Increased crime has a historical correlation with economic crisis, which is consistent with Alberta currently. (â€Å"Economic crises may trigger rises in crime†, 2017) believed that societies undergoing economic crises experience significantly more thefts and robberies. Violent crimes have also risen consequent to increasedRead MoreThe Iranian Hostage Crisis And America s First Encounter With Radical Islam1288 Words   |  6 Pagesbe blamed for the failure to diffuse either of the afore-mentioned crises. All of these conflicts transpired at a time when America was involved in an enduring international power struggle, the cold war. Drawing on media sources, journals, and declassified documents from the Jimmy Carter Library, Farber analyzes the aforementioned crises in the backdrop of the 1970s stagflation which is described as the sluggish American economic growth, coupled with a high rate of inflation. 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Effectiveness Of Health And Social Care - 2541 Words

M2 Discuss how the practitioners and agencies involved in the care pathways work together to provide the care needed for both physiological disorders Introduction In this assignment I will discuss the effectiveness of health and social care practitioners and agencies working together to deliver the care pathway for one of the chosen physiological disorders. The disorder I have chosen to evaluate is diabetes type 2 diabetes. Strengths Working in a multidisciplinary team means the patient with type 2 diabetes can receive a better all-round level of care. All ideas and treatment plans can be discussed weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of each situation. For example, a nurse might suggest something that would be disadvantageous to a person’s occupational needs. It is also less likely that things are missed, as more than one person is involved. From an operational point of view, all team members are aware of progress and major decision meaning if sickness or annual leave happens the patients care does not stop. Individuals that have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are cared for by a variety of people like podiatrist, district nurses, DSNs, GPs, and practice nurses. Good communication between these professionals and the person with type 2 diabetes can lead to better insight into the individual’s life, therefore helping to plan and provide the best care for that person. 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The main psychological problems or diseases I came across when working there are mainly mental, such as memory problems, or illnesses which resulted from deep emotional traumas. So, the present research will be based on the theory of Jose Miguel Caldas de Almeida and Helen Killaspy who researched health care of long-term mental illnesses. The authors are focused inRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to Analyse concepts of health, disability

Surprising Facts About Best Term Paper Writer Uncovered by an Old Pro

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Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Tina is having an annual contract with the Johnson Insurance Brokers for offering services related to property maintenance. She is assigned to work 20 hours on weekly basis at the premises of the company for which she is being paid a flat amount. She is the one who hires the part-time workers as and when required by her. Tina is stated to be in service for contract with Johnson Insurance brokers. As per Belyaeva (2014), in case of contract of service of employees with the employer, a worker is required to execute the tasks in the way they are being instructed by the line manager as per their description of jobs. In case of contract of service, the workers need to present themselves for work and would never be able to propel someone else for the work as a substitute. Tina offers only 20 hours to this insurance house which cannot be possible for employees as they need to provide more hours of work. Tina though was able to hire people for work as and when she needed a bit of help from others. Employees have the scope of enjoying additional benefits that can vary as per the employer, but might take into account the company cars, insurance related to private health, gyms and many others. It has been mentioned in the case study that Tina did not have any other clients except for Johnson insurance Brokers. Moreover, her only contact with the company has been Fred Sinclair, the Facil ities Manager who meets her every Monday. Same cannot be hold good for employees as employees need to report to their seniors and managers on a daily basis and for an employee a line or facilities manager cannot be her only contact with the organization. This can happen in contract for service where there is a contractor-client contract. A contract for service is generally a business to business affair between two firms. Contractor organizations have the power to enter into contract for services with another firm having clear set of responsibility and rights (www.canada.ca 2017). There is a prerequisite in supplying services to the client according to the planned specification of the contract as has been the case with Tina. Tina needs to spend on an average 20 hours on the company premises for which a flat amount is being offered to her. Other monthly invoices which are being incurred by Tina as supplementary is approved by Fred, the Facilities Manager before submitting the same to Accounts payable. Moreover, in case of contract for services, the contractor makes use of her own tools and materials which is what Tina does, using her won small tools. However, the company does offer her with other possible supplies and a snow plow for the fact that it seems Tina is a small contractor and does not possess all the require d elements which are sometimes done by clients in providing the contractors with required elements for better work. Organizations at times deal with small contractors for saving enough money that can be channelized to some other profitable ventures (Wang and Wei 2013). The flat amount that is being paid to Tina is out of the agreed rate that was fixed at the time of the contract. The contractor too needs to provide the services as agreed and any extra amount that has been spent would be settled on submitting the invoices to the accounts section. Reference: Belyaeva, O.V., 2014. Contract service or contract manager?.Uchet v budjetnyh uchrejdeniyah, (3). Canada, P. (2017).General Conditions of a Service Contract - Canada.ca. [online] Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-service-commission/corporate/about-us/doing-business-public-service-commission/general-conditions-service-contract.html [Accessed 26 Apr. 2017]. de Almeida, A.T., Cavalcante, C.A.V., Alencar, M.H., Ferreira, R.J.P., de Almeida-Filho, A.T. and Garcez, T.V., 2015. Decision on maintenance outsourcing. InMulticriteria and Multiobjective Models for Risk, Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis(pp. 249-272). Springer International Publishing. Wang, C.Y. and Wei, H.Y., 2013. Profit maximization in femtocell service with contract design.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,12(5), pp.1978-1988.

Borsch and Baked Potatoes... free essay sample

Borsch and baked potatoes were on everyones lunch menu in my native land of Belarus. Everyone who had such a lunch menu was fair-skinned and spoke Russian. A few years later as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a Brooklyn elementary school, I wondered why things couldnt be so uniform and simple. My classmates ranged from the pale skinned with large blue eyes to the rich-chocolate skinned with voluminous, thick hair. The food choices presented to these youngsters were almost as diverse as the bunch themselves. In front of me was a bewildering sight of trays containing foods I couldnt even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something repulsive, I desperately tried to ask the boy in front of me for an explanation or a recommendation of some sort. To my dismay, I could gather neither because between us stood the barrier of language. We will write a custom essay sample on Borsch and Baked Potatoes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although my kindergarten experience feels like an occurrence from a century ago, the lessons I learned from attending it will be etched into my heart forever. For the last three summers, I have worked in Assemblywoman Helene Weinsteins district office. Every summer, constituents, much like the overwhelmed little girl in the lunch line, flooded into the office seeking help. In the course of my work experience, I had to often play the role of an interpreter to these Russian speaking constituents. As I served the role of a vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to communicate when I didnt speak English. Before I introduced myself as a Russian speaker, I watched with great empathy as the elderly Russians tried to hold up a conversation in Russian with people who did not speak it. It was suddenly very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In a multi-cultural city like New York City, students like myself are blessed with an opportunity to work with a diverse population. I have been fortunate to have landed a job at an Assemblywomans office. In the midst of my English to Russian conversions, Ive learned about programs that I didnt even know existed. I found out that SCRIE (Senior Citizen Rent Increase Exemption) is the program that allows seniors to keep up with the rising costs of living and HEAP (Home Energy Assistance Program) is a tremendous aid to low income families. The work I dealt with was incredibly down to earth and expanded my mind in ways that are impossible to achieve inside the four walls of a classroom. Nonetheless, waking up on those hot summer mornings, I sometimes wished to put on a bathing suit and head to the beach rather than put on a tailored skirt and head to work. Once I actually arrived at work, I realized that I cried because I had no shoes until I met a man who no feet. My problems seemed trivial in comparison to the issues some constituents faced. On one occasion, a Russian woman in her seventies presented before me a letter. This letter was clearly an eviction notice; the woman had no idea that her life was about to change. I ended up being more than an interpreter, but someone she would spill her worries and pains to. After the staff made some phone calls, it was discovered that this notice was a mistake. I felt immense satisfaction in seeing the joy in her eyes after I delivered the good news. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer bewildered by its unique sounds and smells. Instead, I embrace its diversity. I cant imagine life in any city other than this one and am certain that the knowledge Ive acquired working for Assemblywoman Weinstein will positively contribute to the continuous journey of life.

Stylistic Analysis of an Advertisement

Stylistic Analysis of an Advertisement The text I decided to analyze is an advertisement taken from British edition of Cosmopolitan magazine (11/2007). The advertisement introduces new cosmetology product for men.Advertisement is a genre of newspaper style proper. Main purpose of advertisement is to sell the product and to make money. First they inform you they are introducing new product and they try to persuade you indirectly to buy it by using headline, emotionally colored words and syntax. In this case, Company Clarins promotes new product called Skin Difference, which makes shaving easier, slows down the growth of the beard and softens the skin. The name of the product 'Skin Difference' suggests that your skin will get smoother and softer when using this product. Language is presenting ['Clarins introduces Skin Difference, the best way to get kissed every day.'], convincing ['Bison Grass, Purslane, Chinese Ginger and Avocado help protect and moisturize while promoting firmer, more youthful-looking skin.'],Cosmopolita n (magazine)believable ['What's more, Skin Difference targets the entire face to smooth, soften and revive dull skin.'], and also instructive. ['One pump of the double-vial bottle delivers a unique formula that's exceptionally rich in powerful plant extracts.'] Language has a conotative function, because it is supposed to address and influence the reader to buy a product. It can directly address the reader. 'Big difference you'll both notice.' Purpose of pointing is to emphasize and to make it more persuasive.Cosmopolitan readers are girls and women aged 15 - 35. Although product is for men, advertisement is for women. Women are the target audience, because it is usually them who buy cosmetics for men. This affects the language too. Language addresses women, because it is them who want 'to slow stubble growth' of their boyfriends/ husbands and they want men to have 'smooth and soft skin' when 'kissing...

Howard Schultz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Howard Schultz - Essay Example It was at this point that Howard identified an opportunity at Starbucks, and he explored the company’s prospects before joining it. He internalized Starbucks’ objectives, while working as the organization’s departmental director and developed an entrepreneurial vision, but the company’s founders did not share in his expansion, prompting his departure. He established his own business but later purchased Starbucks and merged the two. He has since improved prospects of the company and his, to become global success. By the year 2012, Starbucks owned more than 1700 stores in almost 40 countries, with a net worth of about $ 35.9 billion and customer turnover of about 44 million people per week. His success from a humble background, arising from his vision and dedication, which identifies and exploits opportunities, together with his focus on targets; identify Howard as a leader, a visionary leader. The leader influences a wide range of followers such as investor s, workers, and customers, as is evident in his professional and entrepreneurial experience. He also influences policy makers and special interest groups, in his activism role, and his visionary and determination cause the influence (Bio, 2014). The discussion analyses the leader, based on covered concepts from the course. As the CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz is seen to be one of the most successful and inspiring leaders of his generation. Schultz was part of a poor family. He grew up watching his father try to support the family with jobs that provided no employee benefits. This made an especially difficult toll when his father was injured with no health insurance or compensation to cover the damages that had been done. This is something that eventually impacted the way that Schultz would run his company. Gerald Baldwin and Gordon Bowker added Schultz as a part of their company, Starbucks.

Communicating with a Diverse Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communicating with a Diverse Audience - Essay Example By diversity we are not only referring to ethnic differences but also other demographic factors such as age, gender, social class and religious beliefs. Therefore in our firm, we never use language that seems to target any particular group nor do we allow jokes that might accidentally offend someone's religious or cultural beliefs. Communicating with our employees and other stakeholders is however extremely important and critical to company's success. Over the years, we have learned that the more the communication, the better the understanding people have and the less confusion and conflict we face. Communication is regular done in form of both internal and external messages. We have an intranet that allows horizontal as well as vertical communication. The company website has a bulletin board where important messages are placed and there is a forum that allows for comments on new happenings. Change is the essence of business success today but it is change that generates most resistance. In our organization, we know that whenever any change is being introduced, people refuse to accept it readily at first if they fail to understand its significance. Thus, we have developed a culture of communicating about change before it is brought into the organization. To communicate after change has been introduced can often backfire. It is important to prepare the employees and others for change when it is being anticipated. This helps in reducing resistance, which can make the change process easier. We realize that whenever change is to be introduced, people must be taken into confidence not only so they can be informed but also to tell me how they can benefit from this change. Audience benefits are very critical to success of communication and thus we keep that in mind every time our organization is planning change. One key example of our organization's commitment to its employees is the time when we were planning to introduce robotic technology in our production unit. Organization understood that this was a big change and could result in serious resistance. But it also meant improving productivity by 65%, which could lead to lower costs in the long run. The firm however refused to let this change affect employees in a negative manner. We were more concerned about our employees' welfare than anything else. We knew that we had to improve productivity and our plan for introduction of robots could bring in serious improvements but we didn't want this to affect our employees. The organization first identified the way in which this change could affect our people. We realize that some people in the production department will have to be moved. We also knew that many people might not know how to adopt the new technology so training had to be arranged. Third, we had to find way to convince the audience of the benefits of adopting this new technology. But these benefits had to be audience benefits not organizational benefits. This was a critical task and failure to communicate properly could produce negative consequences. The first important step we took was identifying the ways in which we could accommodate the surplus staff. We didn't want them to leave but some of them had to be moved to other departments. We looked at the strengths and weaknesses of our staff and then decided what would the next most suitable position for them.

Mechanisms in the Cardiovascular System

Mechanisms in the Cardiovascular System The mechanism of the pumping action of the heart can be categorized in three phases- the generation of an action potential, conduction of the action potential and cardiac muscle contraction (action potential-contraction coupling). The action potential is generated the specialized autorythmic myocardial cells located at the Sino atria (SA) node. The potential spreads to the atria and enters the ventricles through the atria ventricular (AV) node from where it is conducted throughout the ventricles by the bundle of His and the purkinje fiber. The action potential triggers muscle contraction as it sweeps around the heart1. As the cardiac muscles contract and relax the heart beats repeatedly, in the process receiving and pumping blood, first to the lungs then to the rest of the body. As it leaves the heart, the blood carries with it oxygen and nutrients to the body and brings back metabolic wastes from the body cells 1, 2. However, much as it supplies blood to the rest of the body, the heart itself needs blood to support its metabolic activity. The heart is thus supplied by the coronary arteries which branch off from the aorta. Reduction in the volume of this coronary flow can greatly impair the pumping action of the heart and if not treated, can cause heart failure. A number of treatment options ranging from surgical to drugs are available2b. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The cardiovascular system is an organ system responsible for distribution of nutrients and oxygen to the bodys cells and removal of metabolic byproducts from the cells. It consists of the following: Blood which carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and metabolic byproducts away from the cells The blood vessels which are the pathways through which blood flows The heart which receives and pumps blood. Embedded in the heart are valves that control blood flow and ensure that blood flows in a specified direction3,8. THE HEART In brief, the heart is a muscular organ enclosed in a double walled sack called the pericardium. It is about the size of a fist and weighs between 250 grams and 350 grams. It is located within the medial cavity of the thorax between the second and fifth intercostal space, just on the superior surface of the diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum7. The heart is divided in four chambers, the right and left atria, the right and left ventricle. The circulation process is such that the right atrium receives blood from the rest of the body through the venacavea and feeds it to the right ventricle which pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to be oxygenated. Blood from the lungs comes back to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein and finally to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body though the aorta and arteries7,1. The Mechanism of Heart function The most important function of the heart is to pump blood. The mechanism by which the heart pumps blood can be understood by examining the events that lead to cardiac muscle contraction. The contraction process starts with the generation of an action potential from the sinoatrial (SA) node giving rise to a depolarization wave. The wave spreads through the atria, entering the ventricles through the atrioventricular (AV) node and is conducted throughout the ventricles by the bundle of His and the purkinje fibers1. Generation of action potential. The heart is composed of two kinds of cardiac muscle cells- the contractile and autorythmic cells. The contractile cells are responsible for the mechanical work of pumping and therefore form the bulk of the cardiac muscles. However, these cells need to be excited before they can contract. Highly specialized autorythmic cells are responsible for generation and conduction of the excitation signal-the action potential1,3. These autorythmic cells are found in specific regions of the heart that include: The SA node. This is a small region located at the upper wall of the right atrium. The AV node. This is a bundle of the autorythmic cells found at the lower wall of the right atrium, near the septum that separates the atria from the ventricles. The bundle of His. This is a bundle of specialized conductive cells that originate from the AV node and runs down the septum between the ventricles. It separates into the right and left bundles serving the respective ventricles. The purkinje fiber. These can be regarded as terminations of the bundle of His. They spread over the base of the ventricles.The locations of the autorythmic cells are the origin and pathways of the action potential3. The cardiac action potential The SA node is the pace maker of the heart. It sets the frequency at which the heart beats. Looking at the cardiac cell, the action potential starts by the reorganization of the intracellular and extracellular concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride and calcium ions due to changes in the cell membrane permeability. A graph showing a typical myocardial cell action potential is shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1: Cardiac cell action potential. Source4: As in the graph, the different phases represent different stages of depolarization of the cardiac cell. Phase 4: In this phase, the cell is at rest. In the resting state, the cell membrane is more permeable to potassium and therefore the resting potential is more or less equal to the potassium equilibrium potential (-90mV). Phase 0: As the potential slowly rises, the voltage-gated sodium channels open leading to a rapid influx of potassium into the cell causing rapid depolarization. At the same time, the membrane permeability to potassium slowly reduces as the potassium channels close. This process takes the membrane potential to around +20Mv before the sodium channels suddenly close. Phase 1: On inactivation of the sodium channels, potassium continues to leak out of the cell and chloride ions go into the cell causing a small downward deflection of the action potential. Phase 2: At this stage, there is increased permeability of the membrane to calcium ions. The inward calcium movement is balanced by an outward movement of potassium ions accounting for the relatively flat phase 2. Phase 3: An increase in the permeability of potassium outweighs the inward calcium current and eventually tips the potential of the cell. This is the repolarization phase and the cell goes back to its resting potential, phase 43,4. Excitation-contraction coupling As described in muscle contraction, the action potential-contraction coupling is due to the release of calcium from the cells sarcoplasmic reticulum. The calcium combines with troponin which regulates the tropomyosin, removing it from the binding site. This allows myosin to bind to actin thus making the muscle to contract3. The cardiac cycle The depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac cell described above triggers the contraction and relaxation to the atria and ventricles of the cell. The cardiac cycle is divided in two main phases, diastole which is the period of relaxation and systole which is the period of contraction. Systole. During this phase, the depolarization wave starts from the SA node, spreading first through the atria and causing the atria to contact first. This forces blood from the atria to the ventricles. At this time, the atrioventricular valves are open while the pulmonary and aortic valves are closed. The depolarization wave then enters the ventricles through the AV node, spreading over all the ventricles via the specialized conductive bundle of His and the purkinje network. This causes the ventricles to contract forcing the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary vein and the rest of the body through the aorta. Here the atrioventricular valves close while the pulmonary and aortic valves open5,3. Diastole. After contraction of the atria, the cells are repolarized. This allows the atria to relax thus allowing blood to flow into them through the vena cavea. After the ventricular contraction, the ventricles also relax awaiting to be filled with blood from the atria5. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system is part of the cardiovascular system and is divided into the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart9. The systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and brings back deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart9. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the vena cava and flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It is pumped from the right ventricle through the  pulmonary semilunar valve  into the pulmonary arteries which go to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary veins and enters the left ventricle through the mitral valve. It is the pumped through the aortic valve, to the aorta then through the arteries to the rest of the body. It is evident that oxygen is very important in metabolic activity of the body cells 3,9. Transport of oxygen by the cardiovascular system The red blood cells. One of the functions of the cardiovascular system is to distribute oxygen around the body. Oxygen is carried in blood by the red blood cells. Understanding the structure of the red blood cells will help us to understand how it is able to carry oxygen. The molecule of a red blood cell is composed of four polypeptide chains with each polypeptide chain having an iron-containing heme group. Each of the four iron atoms can combine reversibly with oxygen according to the equation: O2+Hbà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬ HbO2. It is therefore possible that each molecule of hemoglobin can carry up to four molecules of oxygen1b,2b. Oxygen uptake Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated. In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is higher than that in the blood and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is lower than that in the blood. The pressure differences make it possible for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the blood, thus binding to the iron in the hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide on the other hand diffuses from the blood to the lungs. Carrying oxygen, blood is returned to the left atria then to the left ventricle which pumps it to the rest of the body2c. Oxygen release: In the tissues and organs, the cells are undergoing metabolism, continually consuming oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. This means that the intracellular partial pressure of oxygen is lower than that in the blood and the intracellular partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher than that in the blood. Again the pressure differences make it possible for oxygen to diffuse from the blood to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the blood, binding again with the iron in the hemoglobin. Therefore, as blood flows around the body, it continually distributes oxygen2c,6. BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART Coronary flow In order to perform its functions, the heart an abundant supply of oxygen and nutrients and therefore needs a dedicated supply of blood. Coronary circulation is that part of the systemic circulation that provides blood supply to the heart. Just as the aorta leaves the left ventricle, it gives of the right and left coronary arteries9. The left coronary artery divides into smaller braches supplying blood to the apex and the posterior side of the heart, the ventricles and part of the anterior interventricular septum, the left atrium and posterior wall of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery supplies the lateral aspect of the right atrium and ventricle, the posterior wall of both ventricles and the SA node9,10. Effect of reduced coronary flow on cardiac function The energy demand of the cardiac muscle is so crucial that an interruption of blood supply to any part of the myocardium can cause necrosis within minutes9. A decrease in coronary flow to levels below normal is called myocardial ischemia. The ischemia can be caused by vascular spasms of the coronary arteries, atherosclerosis or increased activity of the heart beyond levels that the coronary arteries can supply10. Temporary or reversible obstruction of coronary blood flow can cause chest pain known as angina pectoris9. Chronic myocardial ischemia can lead to myocardial infarction where myocardial cells die and are replaced by scar tissue. Reduced coronary flow therefore can affect cardiac function in several ways. If the heart is not able to meet its metabolic demand, it can be understood that it will not be able to pump enough blood to the body. Reduced blood flow to the rest of the body can result in serious physiological and pathological conditions which are beyond the scope of this essay. With the death of some cardiac cells as in the case of chronic ischemia, several other life threatening conditions can arise which affect cardiac function. One of such dangerous conditions is ventricular fibrillation which is an abnormal pulse generation triggered by the damaged myocardial cells. The heart will not be able to pump blood but will just quiver around without any net output. Death can occur within minutes2b,6. Treatment of reduced coronary flow Other immediate effects like ventricular fibrillation caused by reduced coronary flow can be treated by defibrillation. However, the main cause of reduced coronary flow is coronary artery occlusion or restriction and the following treatment options are available: Coronary bypass: This is a surgical technique where the occluded coronary artery is cut and replaced by a new blood vessel, usually a vein taken from somewhere in the patients body2b. Coronary balloon angiography (cardiac catheterization): This is another surgical procedure where a catheter containing a balloon at its tip is passed into the occluded artery. The balloon is enlarged thus stretching the artery and opening it in the process2b. The use vasodilator drugs such as nitroglycerine: These drugs dilate the coronary artery thereby lowering the total peripheral resistance. This reduces the work the heart must do in ejecting blood. This is usually given to people who have already suffered myocardial infarction to reduce the risk of another occurance2b,10. A person at risk of myocardial infarction can be put a low cholesterol, low fat diet to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and takes aspirin to reduce the risk of blood clot formation. Conclusion The cardiovascular system is one of the most important systems of the body. All the other systems and organs of the body depend on it for supply of oxygen and nutrients and removal of metabolic wastes. The heart acts as a pump to make sure blood is circulated to all parts of the body through pulmonary and systemic circulations9. However, the heart itself needs supply of blood in order to perform its main function of pumping blood and the heart is supplied by the coronary circulation. Reduction in coronary flow means the heart will not be able to meet it metabolic needs and therefore cannot pump enough blood. This can adversely affect normal activity of the body and cause death10. References Sherwood L. Fundamentals of physiology a human perspective. St. Paul Minn: West publishing company; 1991.190-199 1b. Sherwood L. Fundamentals of physiology a human perspective. St. Paul Minn: West publishing company; 1991.263-266 Vander A, Sherman J, Luciano D. Human physiology, the mechanisms of body function, seventh edition. Boston: McGrow-Hill; 1998. 387-389. 2b. Vander A, Sherman J, Luciano D. Human physiology, the mechanisms of body function, seventh edition. Boston: McGrow-Hill; 1998. 374-377. 2c. Vander A, Sherman J, Luciano D. Human physiology, the mechanisms of body function, seventh edition. Boston: McGrow-Hill; 1998. 479-483. Koeppen M B, Stanton A B. Berne and Levy physiology, sixth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier; 2008. 289-303 Serguei Semenov (2009): Lecture notes. Physiological measurements, ecg/pacemakers/defibrillators. Cohen J B, Wood L D. Structure and function of the human body, seventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000. 195-204. Vandegriff K.D, Benazzi L, Ripamonti M, Perrella M, Tellier Le Y.C, Zegna A, Winslow R M. Determination of the rate and equilibrium constants for oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to R-state human Hemoglobin,199: The journal of Biological Chemistry ; 266 (26): 17049-17059 Elaine N M, Katja H. Human anatomy and physiology, seventh edition. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings; 2007.674-681 Sherwood L. Human physiology: from cells to systems, sixth edition. Belmont, CA: homson/Brooks/Cole; 2007.300-304 Saladin K S. Anatomy and physiology: The unity of form and function, fifth edition. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2009.683-755 Stanfield C L, Germann W J, Niles J N, Cannon J G. Principles of human physiology, third edition. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings; 2009. 361-366 Skeletal Muscle Question: Describe the structure of skeletal muscle and how it contracts (90) and discuss a disease that may arise from this system (10) The structure of skeletal muscle and the mechanism of muscle contraction including muscle disease (1553 Words) 1.0 ABSTRACT Skeletal Muscle is a form of fibrous tissue with the fibers arranged parallel to each other. A muscle fiber (cell) is surrounded by the endomysium. A group of these cells is wrapped by fascicles. Bundles of fascicles are covered by the perimysium and bundles of the perimysium are wrapped by the epimysium to form a muscle. The muscle fibers have contractile properties which enable them to move bony levers in order to produce skeletal movement1. The functional unit of the muscle fiber is the sacomere which consists of most importantly, actin and myosin. The actin and myosin are arranged such that during contraction, they can slide over each other thus shortening the muscle2. Muscles suffer from many diseases, one of which is polymyositis. This is an inflammatory myopathy that affects mainly the muscles of the thorax and those around the torso. It affects all age groups but has been noticed mainly in late childhood and early adulthood. The sypmtomps are nonspecific but results in general muscle weakness and the cause, though believed to be an invasion by the white blood cells, is not very clear10. 2.0 The Structure of Skeletal Muscle. In daily life, structures and arrangements of designs are dictated, to a large extent by the purpose and function for which the design is meant for. Knowing that skeletal muscle is made up mainly of fibrous tissues, the arrangement of these tissues and how they are bound together to maintain a particular shape in order to accomplish different purposes (mainly to generate force and produce movement) may to a large extent, define the structure of the muscle4. At a macro level, the skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of individual muscle fibers, the supporting structure called the basal lamina, and the connective tissue sheaths as shown in figure 1. These connective tissues bind the cells together giving them strength and partly providing mechanical protection2. We can examine these connective tissues and their functions as follows: 2.1 The basal lamina. This is an extracellular matrix that acts as a scaffold on which a cell sits. It has been realized that apart from providing structural support, the basal lamina can orient and constrain cell during the process of regeneartion3. 2.2 The endomysium. This is a fine sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle cell. The endomysium consist of loosely interlacing fibers composed mainly of collagen4. 2.3 The perimysium and fascilces. The individual muscle fibers wrapped by the endomysium, are grouped together in what is called fascicles. A layer of fibrous tissue called the perimysium wraps each fascicle4. 2.4 The epimysium. This is the outside layer that finally wraps the whole muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue4. Figure 1 Source: http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Muscular/muscle_structure.jpg 3.0 The muscle cell Having described how individual muscle cells are organized into a muscle, it is imperative that we look at the structural composition of the cell itself. Just like many other cells in the body are specialized according to their functions, skeletal muscle cells are specialized to produce force and movement5. The skeletal muscle fiber is thus composed of mainly three structural elements:-the myofibrils, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function. The entire function of the muscle can be attributed to the shifts in proportions of these three structures6. 3.1 The Myofibrills. These are cylindrical specialized sub-units within the muscle fiber. They consist of two types of contractile protein filaments-the thin filaments referred to as actin and the thick filaments referred to as myosin. The two most important parameters of the myofibrils are their diameter which determines its strength and the fiber length which determines it contraction velocity and distance over which the fiber can contract. The myofibril consist of two filaments-actin and myosin6,2. 3.1.1 Actin (thin filament). Actin filaments are responsible for regulation of contraction. The actin filament is formed by a helical arranged of actin monomers which is an ambiguous protein2 (figure 2). Because of the helical nature, a long grove is formed along the filament and the protein troponin is located at intervals along the length of the actin filament. It is troponin which is responsible for turning on contraction2,7. Figure 2.The actin molecule. Source: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~sjjgsca/Muscleslidingfilament1.gif 3.1.2 The Myosin (thick filament). Myosin filament is about 150nm long. It has a tail and two heads. The tail is formed by two helical shaped fibers that coil around each other. A collection of several of these helical tails together form a myosin filament (figure 3)4b. Figure 3. The myosin molecule. Source: http://webanatomy.net/anatomy/myosin.jpg. 3.2 The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Groups of about 200 thick and thin filaments constitute a myofibril. Each myofibril is thus enclosed in a membrane called the sarcoplasmic reticulum8. The SR membrane stores and releases calcium during muscle contraction and relaxation. The SR can therefore be thought of as the functional unit of the myofibril9. 3.3 The mitochondria. Found within the cell cytoplasm, the mitochondria are responsible for generation of most of the cells energy by the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There are several mitochondria distributed along the length of a myofibril4. 4.0 The mechanism of muscle contraction Muscle contraction can largely be attributed to the structure of actin and myosin, their arrangement within the SR and the interaction between them in order to produce force (Figure 4). This type of arrangement allows the thin actin filaments to slide in and out by the action pull of the myosin heads8b. Figure 4. Actin and myosin arrangement: Source: http://www.exrx.net/Images/ActinMyosin.gif Muscles are composed of a number of actin and myosin filaments arranged in series in a basic unit called the sacomere. The sacomere consists of a thick filament in the meddle and two thin filaments, one overlapping on each side. The heads of the thick filament attach to the thin filament at the overlap and these heads allow movement in only one direction. When activated, each thick filament head rachets repeatedly along the actin, pulling the two actins closer together. Since the actin are attached to the Z line (The distance between two Z lines form the sacomere), ends of the sacomere (Z lines) are pulled in and the sacomere shortens. The sacomeres are arranged in series so that when the muscle fiber contracts, all the sacomeres contract simultaneously transmitting the force to the end of the muscle. The whole process of contraction described above occurs when the muscle is electrically stimulated2b. 5.0 Muscle stimulation. Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated by the motor neurons of the somatic nervous system. The reception of the motor stimulus (action potential) opens the calcium channels allowing calcium which is stored in the SR to be released. The release of calcium causes the release of acetylcholine-Ach (neurotransmitter). The calcium binds to the troponin on the actin filament. Troponin then regulates the tropomyosin which obstructs binding sites for myosin. This allows the tropomyosin to move, unblocking the bonding site. Myosin then binds to the unblocked site on the actin and applies a pull. This will pull the Z bands towards each other thus shortening the sacomere, causing muscle contraction2b. However, as calcium is released, the ATP-dependent calcium pump is activated and it continuously pumps calcium back to the SR to be stored again. This leads to a drop in calcium level within the cytoplasm. When the calcium level is too low, the calcium binding action to troponin is terminated, releasing tropomyosin which again blocks the binding site. This stops the interaction between actin and myosin thus relaxing the muscle2b. 6.0 Muscle Diseases There are a number of muscular diseases and disorders ranging from acquired, familial to congenital. Limiting ourselves to one of the acquired disorders of the muscles, lets look at polymyositis. 6.1 Polymyositis (PM). PM is a type of muscle inflammatory myopathy. Just like the name suggests, this disease causes inflammation of the muscle fiber. Although the causes of the disease are not well understood, it is believed that PM begins when white blood cells, spontaneously invade muscles. This can result in severe muscle weakness. Polymyositis is a persistent disease characterized by periods of increased and reduced or no symptoms. PM affects mainly the muscles of the thorax and is more common in women than men. It is said to affect all age groups although is it commonly noted in early childhood or 20s10. Key pathologic and diagnostic features of the disease. Endomysial inflammation. This is the inflammation of the outer connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fiber. This is done by the white blood cells that leave the blood and enter the tissue, somehow confirming the earlier assertion that the PM begins when white blood cells invade muscles. Invasion of myofibers by autoaggressive lymphocytes. This is when the T lymphocytes begin to attack the intact myofibers. Unlike in muscle dystrophy where inflammation is associated with degenerating myofibers, the invasion of T lymphocytes causes inflammation of health myofibers in PM.This causes inflammation of healthy myofibers. Other diagnostic features that may not be exactly specific to PM include myofiber necrosis, myophagocytosis, myofiber atrophy and fibrosis, a feature of chronic PM10,11. 7.0 Conclusion Human movement is only possible because of the action of muscle contraction. Voluntary contraction of muscle is made possible by the somatic nervous system which sends out an action potential activating the contraction process. The process is accomplished by the sliding of myosin and actin over each other. Many diseases and disorders affect muscles, prominent among them is muscular polymyosis which causes inflammation of the muscles mainly around the torso. Its believed to be caused by the unwanted action of the white blood cells and the symptoms include muscle weakness.

Richard Feynman :: essays research papers fc

Richard Philip Feynman was born in New York City on May 11th 1918 to a middle class family that lived on the Southern tip of Manhattan. He grew up in a household where both of his parents poured into him their best qualities. His mother, Lucille, instilled in Richard a powerful sense of humor, which would be essential in forming his magnetic personality and eccentric lecturing style. His father, Melville, decided before Richard was born that if he were a boy, he would grow up to be a scientist, something that Melville himself had always wanted to be. And so guided subtly by his father, and given the power to laugh by his mother, Richard was set on a course that would eventually lead him to become a legend. At a young age it was apparent that he was scientifically inclined. In school, he was interested in all things scientific and loved math. At one point he even gave thought to becoming a mathematician. After high school, he went to MIT to study physics, and after four years of that he went to Princeton as a graduate student. During this time in his life, he became engaged to his high school sweetie, Arline Greenbaum. Halfway into his education at Princeton, Arline was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and was not given many years to live. So Richard married her and put his doctoral thesis on hold. Shortly after their marriage, a friend of Richard, Robert Wilson, came to Richard and told him that the government of America was looking for the finest physicists to help construct the atomic bomb. Otherwise known as the Manhattan project. At first Richard said no, but eventually his patriotism won over and he agreed to join the project. Upon agreeing to join the project, he moved to Los Alamos, where the research facility was located and Arline could move to a hospital in Albuquerque. In July 1945, Arline, the love of Richards life, finally succumbed to the dreaded tuberculosis she had been fighting all of this time. To escape the pain, he immersed himself in his work and the 1st atomic bomb ever was ready for detonation very quickly. With his work at Los Alamos done, Richard took a teaching position at Cornell University where he became depressed and believed that his life's work was behind him. But as he was stewing in his own depression, more and more of the top universities were sending more and more lucrative professorships his way.

Hydro Québec, Energy and the Environment Essay

The replacement of gas with electric streetlamps in Quebec was implemented by the Royal electric Company which covered the entire city as at 1889. The project was facilitated by Senator Rosaire Thibodeau with the financial backing of a prominent businessman, Mr. Rodolphe Forget. There was with time the development of nuclear power. The experimentation with nuclear power began from around 1965. Nuclear power was increasingly being considered the energy source of the future and all the major countries had embraced it, prompting Canada to do the same. The last hydroelectric project in the twentieth century was the Sainte-Marguerite-3. This was built both a water reservoir and power generation head. The head is 330 meters long, making it a marvel. In 1998, Hydro Quebec decided to reinforce its transmission system. This was because in January of the same year, there had been a major ice storm that destroyed much of its Quebec distribution and transmission systems, exposing their vulnerability hence a need for reinforcement (History of Electricity in Quebec: Chaotic Growth of an Industry, n. d). On 7 February 2002, there was the signing of a historical agreement between the Grand Council at Crees and The state of Quebec. This provided a basis for the building of two main generation systems, the Eastmain-1 and Eastmain-1-A on the Rupert River. According to the company’s management, many past studies have investigated the potential health effects of electric and magnetic fields on human beings. These have however been inconclusive hence the harm not fully established. It therefore calls for further research to clarify this while minimizing people’s exposure to them and committing the company to supporting the research (History of Electricity in Quebec: Chaotic Growth of an Industry, n. d). Renewable and Green Hydroelectric power is not as green as required. This is because it contributes to mercury poisoning of water sources (Eisler, 1987). There is also a forced decomposition of the matter that is flooded, leading to production of carbon dioxide and Methane, both major greenhouse gases. Gas and coal are considered greener, but have lower performance. The greenhouse gases produced by Hydro-electric power are comparatively minimal. Hydropower produces a mere thirty-fifth of that by natural gas and a seventieth of that by a coal. The comparison is unjustified. This is because the ratio of waste product produced is less than the other sources. The author calls for a comparison between the sources in terms of same costs hence superiority of hydroelectric power (Hydro Quebec Research: Publications and Documentation Centre, n. d). Hydro Quebec and Sustainability Hydro Quebec is also committed to the promotion of wind power as a source of energy. Its strategic plan proposes the creation of a 4000 Megawatt wind energy capacity by 2015. Between 2004 and 2005, there was the signing of purchase deals for wind power with its total Wind power capacity standing at 500 Megawatts. The company also planned to engage in gas and oil exploration specifically at the Gulf of St. Lawrence and was seeking partners (Sustainable Development, n. d). The company promotes a reduction in electricity demand by enhancing efficiency in its use. This is done through awareness campaigns and investment in research and development. There is for instance investment in power-saving refrigerators and solar units. Hydro Quebec still retains one nuclear plant, the Gentilly-2 in the south of the Saint-Laurence River, producing about 2 per cent of the company’s electricity. Steps taken towards environmental protection include the minimization of atmospheric emissions. This is achieved by supplying hydro electric power to neighboring United States which is known to mostly rely on generation fuel-generated electricity. It also advocates for the Kyoto Protocol on emissions and is frequently involved in environmental conservation campaigns and funding of environmental research. Hydro-Quebec also values aesthetics and therefore fully incorporates it in its facilities. In this, there is emphasis on good choice of material, landscaping and observation sites among others (Sustainable Development, n. d). References Eisler, R. (1987). Mercury Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Inveterbrates: A Synoptic View. Washington DC: US Department of the Interior. History of Electricity in Quebec: Chaotic Growth of an Industry. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2009, from Hydro Quebec: http://www. hydroquebec. com/learning/histoire/histoire_quebec/index_frame. html? ext_epoque=1 Hydro Quebec Research: Publications and Documentation Centre. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2009, from Hydro Quebec: http://www. hydroquebec. com/sustainable-development/documentation/documents. html Sustainable Development. (n. d) Retrieved March 30, 2009, from Hydro Quebec: http://www. hydroquebec. com/sustainable-development/index. html

World War I Was The Rise Of Nationalism And Imperialism

World war I had three main causes and the first was the rise of nationalism and imperialism. During the 100-year period of peace, nationalism became popular among the European countries. This lead to the creation of a new power, such as Germany, who began to looking for land in the sun, which caused growing tension in Europe. The spread of nationalism lead to the build up of military strength around Europe and encouraged public support for the military. There was an arms race between France, Russia, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary and Britain. The Dreadnought is sign of big revolution in building ship because it was faster and heavier fired. Germany had best land army and threatened Britain’s sea control. Particular tension between the British and Germans began to grow. Another cause that triggered the initial outbreak of war was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, from Austria-Hungary. Franz Ferdinand and his wife were shot on June 28, 1914 during their visit to Sarajevo. Austria-Hungary was infuriated and professed revenge on Serbia for what they had done. On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in order to crush Serbia and set new orders in Bosnia. The third main cause of World War I was the build up of alliances and military strength. Europe had two systems of alliance: Triple Alliance(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and Triple Entente(Britain, France, Russia). When Austria-Hungary was planning revenge on Serbia, they looked to Germany for help andShow MoreRelatedThe Three Principles Of The People968 Words   |  4 Pagesestablish the foundation for world government and global culture will be those that use imperialism to maintain their position as the ultimate powers of the world. However, before these nations attempt to gov ern countries, they must rule over their own. He states, â€Å"The nations which are employing imperialism to conquer others and which are trying to maintain their own favored positions as sovereign lords of the whole world are advocating cosmopolitanism and want the world to join them.† For Yat-SenRead MoreThe Major Cause Of The First World War838 Words   |  4 PagesTo The First World War The events that result to or lead to the outbreak of a war form part of history that is highly analyzed and discussed over historical times for number of significant reasons. These reasons include giving answers to questions and shedding knowledge upon some particular patterns that may exist in war circumstances and giving an understanding on how and why they occur. For instance, the First World War was preceded by a number of events globally. The cause of war was introducedRead MoreQ: the Rise of Nationalism Was the Most Important Factor Leading to World War I. How Far Do You Agree with This Statement? 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However, due to acts of aggression against the United States, the country joined the war in April of 1917. In fall of 1918Read MoreThe New Imperial Movement915 Words   |  4 Pagesnone of them received help. There was a surplus amounts of food available in those countries plus with the addition of railroads that could have easily help with fast transportation more effective and efficient to get food to these people, yet still nothing happened to help the ones in needs that were used to help fuel European economy, mainly Great Britain’s. As Davis says in his book, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nià ±o Famines and the Making of the Third World, â€Å"We are not dealing, in other words