Tourist Motivations to Visit Bali

touring car Motivations to Visit Bali2.2 Results and DiscussionsThis section presents the results and discussions of the take away, which consists of the results of descriptive data from qualitative approach. It in like manner presents the discussions based on the research findings and relates them with possible dry lands based on the secondary coil data or literature review. The findings ar based on data impostureificial lakes from qualitative data conducted by the researcher.The purpose of this section is to answer the objectives of the study, which is to determine the phaeton perception towards heathenish military issues in Bali and to explore the motivating of commonwealth watching Bali, especi solelyy for its ending.2.2.1 Level of divertLevel of divert of phaeton smoke be determined as whiz of the agent that influencing population to choose the instigateicular address. gibe to the Rapaports (1975) conjecture close to factor that influencing the customer behaviors which goat affect them to go to the culture. It elaborated by this following topic.2.2.1.1 Sources just close to BaliFrom the in-depth interviews viewers conducted, all the witnessers put on always hear about Bali before. found on how reservoirs get to get along Bali, at that place argon several sources. Most of the attestors know Bali from word of mouth from references family and friends. On the different hand, for Ind mavensian answering, they know Bali since they were get word give lessons. Beside that, the rebriny unexclusiveity is from media, interchangeable television, books, magazines, brochures as rise up as through internet, include belong website. For example lookers menti mavind that their relatives get on a lower floor ones skins and stories about Bali is one of the reasons that delineate the answerings go to Bali, at a lower place argon the statements of lookersI exit go thither. Because my friend told me that the place is nice and the agriculture is truly unique (French informant/A.4)I heard it from my parents, because my parents had their honeymoon there, and they said it was truly beautiful island (Singaporean informant/A.10)2.2.1.2 Attending Balinese Cultural EventTourists who neer been and guard been to Bali before indicated that vanadium informants engage high hobby in serve heartying ethnical as yetts in Bali, differentwise there is three informants said that they might be enkindle in watching ethnic items. And the suspire two informants do non nurture interest in attention heathenish events.According to Morgan (1996), the respondent answers of maybe could be a huge electric potential if these respondents stub be converted to interested respondents. In Morgans model for decision fashioning, it categorized into 5 briny beats, such(prenominal) asProblem credit rating (dont know market)Information search (maybe market) paygrade of alternativesChoice of purchaseEvaluation of post-purchase experienceAs for the maybe market, marketers tooshie use advertisements to construct the conduct for attending the ethnic events by sending mails or using media exchangeable distri saveing materials that have information on the pagan events to create their ken.Findings from interviews by looking at their age separate of blender indicated that intimately of the traveler that interested in Balinese ethnic events is sure-enough(a) traveler, whereas four informants said that attending ethnic events is one of their purposes of traveling to Bali and the remaining informantsaid not really interest to attend heathen events. One of the informants thought that mess who attend the ethnic events depart have a snap off understanding about the Balinese tradition, which can see his/her statements on a lower flooras I told you before I fate to learn more about their Balinese tradition through their heathen events (Indonesian informant/B.6)Other respondents tho ught that differences of ethnic events amidst their country of origin and Bali makes them interested to attend the cultural event in Bali.Im quite interested with Balinese culture event, because their event is genuinely different with our Japanese cultural events. (Japanese informant/B.7)Mean piece of music for younger traveler only one respondent interested in Balinese cultural events. An an another(prenominal)(prenominal) one informant said that he/she will not attend the cultural events in Bali because he/she does not have any interest in culture. The remaining three informants verbalise that attending cultural events in Bali is not a main purpose but they might decide to attend when they are in Bali.One of respondent of young traveler stated that she might attend the cultural event because she peeping about it.but Im expert a bit curious for their cultural trip the light hazardous toes. So maybe Ill attend there. (Singaporean informant/A.10) ground on the type of cult ural events which respondents have the endeavor to attend, it indicated that six informants show high interest in their purport to attend a cultural fiesta rather than cultural dances. They mentioned their interest in cultural festival, such as Nyepi, Ngaben, Temple Festival, and Tooth Filling.Most of them interested to attend the Nyepi festival. For example, some(prenominal) informants describe Nyepi festival as seen below I heard that during Nyepi, e preciseone have to squelch in their house and doing nothing, only pray to their god. My friend said that Bali is like a death island while Nyepi. (Malaysian informant/B.3) I heard that it only happens at one time a year. It is a day that whole of Bali Island remains silent. (Malaysian informant/A.5)As a piffleor in Bali, we have to stay at their hotel, because the community asked the visitor who stays in Bali should be obey with the rule of their tradition. No one will be temporary removal around and there is no activity duri ng Nyepi. (Indonesian informant/B.6)The other four informants refer to attend cultural dances rather than cultural festival. All of them interested to attend the famous Kecak dance. One of them describe Kecak dance as seen below the famous Monkey dance which as I know overly kn avow as Kecak dance. (French informant/A.4)2.2.1.3 Sources about Balinese Cultural EventIn foothold of the sources on how the informants know about cultural event in Bali, it indicated that intimately of the informants said that they ever heard about Balinese cultural event from school or college. They said that they have been learned it before. The statements regarding with sources as seen belowFrom school, I knew it from my geography teacher. (Indonesian informant/A.8)I heard from my lecture. (Malaysian informant/A.5)Beside that, the others withal mentioned on how they know about cultural event in Bali such as the recommendations from friends, as wholesome as a print publications like magazines, brochu re, and travel books. As for the external tourists, internet and travel agents are the common sources on how they interpret about the Balinese cultural events.DiscussionAccording to Picard (1996), Bali is one of the primary finishs in Indonesia, and well-known as an international destination, whereby approximately(prenominal) of the respondents said that they ever heard about Bali before. Even some of them do not really know about Balinese culture, but they quiet recognize Bali as one of the famous tourist tenderness in the world.Regarding on how the informants know about Bali, it indicated that word of mouth from friends and familys references is one of the source as well as run them to travel to Bali. found on the Rapaports (1975) and Morgan (1996) theory of social influences on customer behavior, reference pigeonholing is the most influencing substance on how they discover about the destination. Family and friends are called primary reference group which is a group who influence the behavior to whom they come into close contact by sharing their experiences about the destination. Most of them publish that they want to go Bali because of penny-pinching experiences from their relatives.Tourism is become the largest preservations diligence in Bali, oddly its cultural tourism. A Balinese cultural event is one of major tourist activities as well as a tourist attraction. Therefore most of the informants both tourists who never been and have been to Bali before have a high interest in attending the cultural events in Bali.By looking at their age group categories, research findings indicated that older traveler is more interested to attend the cultural events rather than the younger traveler. junior travelers might decide to attend, but attending the cultural event is not their purpose to go to Bali. On the other hand, older travelers reveal that attending cultural event is one of their main purposes to visit Bali.Firstly, there is a cultural arts-co re for a tourist who has interest in culture and seen cultural event as primary element and attends the cultural event is a main purpose. somewhat of the older traveler categories into this aim of interest in attend the cultural event. Secondly, cultural arts-incidental is for a tourist who seen a cultural event less important than other attraction but could be either attraction or an amenity, and attend the cultural event is their secondary purpose. Most of the older traveler is under this category, where they points out that attending cultural events is one of their purpose but not their main purpose.Cultural arts-accidental is for a tourist who view cultural events may not be an attraction but an amenity, but they might be interest in attending a cultural event. Most of the younger traveler is under this category. They might be interested in cultural event, but attending the cultural events is not their purpose. Lastly, Non-cultural art is for a tourist who not interested in cu lture, they similarly do not seen cultural events as an attraction or amenity, attending cultural events is not their purpose and they will not attend it. One respondent of younger traveler is under this category, where he/she revealed that he/she does not have interested in any cultural event.Based on the type of cultural events that the respondents have intention to attend, most of them intend in attending cultural festival rather than cultural dances, with Nyepi festival as their preferable festival that they want to attend. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Nyepi festival has made Bali a unique island as well as a day to make and occur the balance of nature. He points out that Nyepi represents the suspension of all activity in the island preliminary to chasing out the abhorrence vibration that has accumulated during the year. This is followed by a day of absolute silence, the suspension of all activity, from which the ceremony takes its name. Nyepi marks the New Year. On Ny epi, the tourists are not allowed to step aside of their hotel. All activity should remain deep down the hotel. Even though most of the respondents have not attend this festivals before, but their knowledge about the translation on how the Nyepi festival held is relatively in a correct way.Kecak dance is the most well-known dances in Bali (Seminar on Tourism,1977). Therefore most of the respondent who interested in cultural dance mentioned that Kecak dance is the cultural dance that they want to attend. But they can not describe on what the dance about. One of the respondent only can mentioned about Monkey dance which Kecak is also known as.The source of how the respondent knows about Balinese cultural dance mostly is from school and college. The others also mentioned about word of mouth from friends and family mass media like newspaper, magazines, brochures internet and also information from the travel agents.Therefore marketers need to take notes of the implication here. If the local or domestic market is targeted, they should create more awareness by using an attractive advertisement materials as well as articles. As for the international market, they should update and maintained the tourism board as well as travel website by spreading the information on cultural events which had happened as well as the future events. Distribution channels and networking are inborn for international tourists due to their high dependence on tour operator and travel agents. It is important to create awareness for international tourist, so they can discover the unique points of the unusual cultural events in Bali.2.2.2 Motivational FactorBeside the level of interest, those theories on tourists travel motivating that have been discussed in literature review part is can be helpful in this study to identify the Balinese cultural events as one of the indigenceal factor for tourist to travel to Bali. Therefore, these following topics have been elaborate to explore the tourist m otivations travel to Bali.2.2.2.1 Reason Tourist Traveling to BaliBased on the reason on wherefore people want travel to Bali, most of the informants revealed that they prefer go to Bali because of the famous margees there. For example, some of the informants thought that the beautiful beaches in Bali is one of the reasons why they want to travel there, below are the statements of respondentsand I also want to see their beach, because many people says that Bali have a beautiful beaches (Indonesian informant/B.1)because Bali have beautiful beaches (Korean informant/A.2)Beside the famous Bali beaches, the other informants also mentioned that the unique Balinese culture and attractive tourist attraction friendliness of local people and their interest in obtain, especially local art market, is also the reasons that come upon them to go traveling to Bali. One of the respondents thought that shopping in Balinese local art market is cheap, which can see their statement belowbecause I w ant to see their famous cheap art market. (Indonesian informant/B.1)2.2.2.2 Purpose of TripAs for the tourist that been to Bali, most of the informants reveal that the purpose of their trip to Bali mostly is for pass with family or friends. One of the informants stated that his/her purpose is for melodic phrase trips like seminar, training and also research purposes.I have a lot of purposes, because there are different purposes each of my trip, such as vacation, training, seminar, and business trip or doing some research there. (Indonesian informant/B.6)2.2.2.3 Other Factors that Motivate Tourist to BaliBesides culture, the factors those motivate informants to go to Bali is to experience their inhering attraction like beaches or mountains. Most of them revealed that they want to experience the beach activities like surf below are the statements of respondentsTheir beaches for glide I like surfing. (French informant/A.4)The beach, surfing and the people. I heard that is what Ba lis famous for. (Malaysian informant/A.5)Their indispensable attraction, especially beaches. I like the wave, its healthy for surfing (Singaporean informant/A.10)Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the younger traveler revealed that the factor that motivated them to go to Bali is to experience the beach activities like surfing because as they know Bali is one of the famous destinations for surfing.In terms of the other factors that motivate some of the informants, beside culture, is indicated to enjoy the beautiful picture of Bali friendliness of local people shopping activities for example one of informants thought his/her motivate factors is for relaxation to splinter for the perfunctory life routine activities, as seen belowIll go there for relax and also to release my stress for daily routine, especially from my work. (Malaysian informant/B.3)DiscussionThe hale and invest concept provides reasons as to why people trave l. According to, Dann (1977), people are campaigned into qualification travel decisions by informal forces. The other is that they are pulled into travel decisions by external forces such as destination attributes. In other words, push motivation is an internal factor from an individual and increases the proclivity for people to travel, whereas pull motivation is an external factor that influences people travel which cues of a specific destination that pull people to realize the needs of crabbed travel experiences, such as indwelling and past attractions, food, people, recreation facilities, and marketed image of the destination.Therefore by looking at the reasons on why people traveling to Bali it indicated that most of the informants will go to Bali to enjoy the natural attraction in Bali. Whereby according to Dann (1977), natural attraction in Bali like their beaches is one of the major pull factors that influence people to go traveling to Bali. The other reasons that some of the informants mentioned that influence them to go to Bali such as the uniqueness of Balinese culture the friendliness of local people and shopping activities. Here, all the reasons also can be categories into the pull factors. According to Crompton (1979), he points out that the pull motivations help illustrate the actual destination choice, which connect to this findings on the reasons why people choose Bali as destination to travel.Regarding on the purpose of trip that tourists that been to Bali before, most of the informants said that their main purpose is for holiday or leisure time. One of the informants also stated the other purpose is for business purpose. Coltman (1930) explained the factors that create a persons desire to travel purpose of people to travel which have been categories into two such as motivation that related to the destination and not related (Coltman, 1930). Here, most of the informants though that holiday as their main purpose, which can be fall under motivation related to the destination, into the leisure time cope category that makes tourist to escape from their daily activities, or only if to have a new experience. In contrary, for business purpose can be categories into the motivation not related to the destination. It means that it can give people no choice about going to that destination instead of some others.Tourists purposes can be determined as push factor. Push factor is an internal energy to an individual and increases the desire for people to travel. Crompton (1979) mentioned that the push factor have been useful in explaining the desire for travel. It includes the desire for escape, novelty seeking, adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization. According to the findings, most of the informants reveal that their push factor is to enjoy the holiday with family and friends, which can be categories into the desire for escape, as well as socialization.By lo oking at the other factors, beside culture, that motivate the informants to visit Bali, such as to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali to relax with friends and family the friendliness of local people and shopping activities. According to Gahan and Martin (1993) and Mohr et al. (1993), the informants motivations for people visit Bali mostly for escape inverse in routine daily life activities by enjoying the scenery. It followed by socialization and family togetherness (enjoying themselves being with family and friends) inflammation (surfing) and event novelty (shopping). Attending cultural events is under the event novelty, where tourist is experiencing something new and different things because of the uniqueness.2.2.3 Tourists perceptionBasically, tourist perception is related to motivation tourist, which can influence travelers decision making to travel to the particular destination. To prove that there is a connection between tourist perception and motivation factors, this study explored the various tourist perceptions towards Bali as a tourist destination, as well as their perceptions about Balinese cultural events.2.2.3.1 Perception about BaliIn terms of tourists perception about Bali, most of the informants frequently called Bali as a beautiful island, which famous and well-known as international destination. They also stated that Bali is a nice place for relaxation.Some of the informants also thought about Bali with their friendly local people and the wide variety of tourist activities such as surfing where some informants mentioned that Bali is famous as surfing destination in the world. Below are the informants statementsIn my opinion, Bali is the island that has been notified by international tourist as one of the beautiful Islands in the world. It is famous as one of the best surfing destination in the world. (French informant/A.4)To me, Bali is a surfing paradise, (Malaysian informant/A.5)Beside that, some of the informants comments about Bali as an island that rich in culture and diachronic background, as seen belowI heard that theres also a lot of narrative and tales about the Island, which also famous with their uniqueness of culture. (Malaysian informant/A.5)I think Bali is actually unique, especially their culture with a strong tradition where e very(prenominal)body who stays in Bali should obey to their tradition (Indonesian informant/ B.6)The uniqueness of Balinese art and handicraft with cheaper toll in the local art market as some informants thought that Bali as shopping spree paradise. Below are their statementsBali has their own beautiful handicraft with their unique design. (Indonesian informant/B.1)I love it, like for shopping its very cheap there, especially their art traditional market. (Indonesian informant/B.9)By looking at the age of informants, most of the older traveler indicates that their opinion about Bali as a nice place for relaxing from the daily life routine, as they thought Bali is a peaceful place. In contrary, for younger traveler, their perception about Bali is an provoke destination, with a lot of activities that they can experience there doing something stimulating especially their beach activities. Some of younger traveler thought that beaches in Bali are fantastic and a one of the famous destination for surfing activities.2.2.3.2 Perception about Balinese Cultural EventIn terms of the perceptions of tourists toward cultural event, most of the informants revealed that Balinese cultural event has a unique attraction which very attractive. Some of the informants stated that the cultural event in Bali is unique because different with any other culture especially for foreign tourist, whereby they revealed that it different between Balinese culture and the culture in their country of origin below are the statements of informantsIts very unique, and quite different with Malaysian culture, especially their festival, like Nyepi. (Malaysian informant/B.3)as I know their cu lture is very fire and a lot of traditional dance and festival that very different from my country. (French informant/A.4)Some of the informants also mentioned other perceptions about Balinese cultural event have a strong connection with their belief or worship, as well as their tradition, which make their cultural events as a sacral and very spiritual (mystic).Their cultural event is very religious and sacral. Whatever it is, dances or festivals, they always connected with their religion and beliefs. (Indonesian informant/B.1)I think it also a bit mystic. (Indonesian informant/B.9)I felt a bit off-the-wall because its very mystic as well as magical. (Singaporean informant/A.10)Other informants indicated on how the Balinese community performs the cultural events in Bali. Some of them thought that the cultural event, especially Balinese cultural dance, is very attractive, energetic and also herculean.I think its very beautiful, and also the performance was very energetic and power ful (Indonesian informant/B.9)I think its quite interesting and energetic. and they dance with the powerful music. (Singaporean informant/A.10)For the cultural festival, one informant commented on the way they keep on it which is family-oriented.In my opinion, its very family-oriented its good, because even though they dont have enough specie, the Balinese community will be collecting money from their big family to hold their tradition as cultural event. (Indonesian informant/B.6)DiscussionAccording to the findings, the tourists perceptions towards Bali as one of the most enchanting and well-known travel destination in the world, because of the physical beauty of the island and its natural attraction like their nice beaches. According to Picard (1996), therefore Bali is seen by tourists as the Ultimate Island. Other than the beauty of their natural attraction, some of the informants also revealed that Bali as an island with rich of culture and strong religious tradition. For that reason, Bali is also known as the Island of God, where Hinduism belief influences most of the cultural horizon in Balinese community (Picard, 1996).The tourists perception toward Bali is predominantly characterized by the reasons on why people traveling to Bali and factors that motivates them. Based on Crompton (1979), it shows that there is a connection between the tourist perception about a destination and tourist motivations to travel to the destination. He points out that tourist perception on the particular destination can influence travelers decision making in choosing a destination. Therefore tourists perception about Bali also can be categorized as the Pull factors based on Danns theory (Dann,1977).Regarding the tourists perception toward the Balinese cultural events in general, the study indicates that most of informants thought that Balinese cultural event is attractive and very unique, which different with other culture. Other than the uniqueness of cultural event in Bal i, some of the informants thought that Balinese cultural events have a strong connection with their religion and spiritual indeed. According to Picard (1996), the cultural and religious are interwoven in Bali. He also stated that tourism in Bali cannot be conceived apart from Balinese culture. In fact, tourism is become the largest economys industry in Bali, with cultural tourism is one of the major aspects that contributed to the industry.In terms of the perceptions towards characteristics of Balinese cultural events, most of the informants expound the cultural dance in Bali is energetic and powerful and for the cultural festival some of the informants thought that it is family-oriented. By looking at the tourists perceptions about cultural events shows the level of understanding and knowledge of the informants toward the Balinese cultural events. Even they do not have a clear perspective in terms of knowledge, but the study shows the good opinion toward Balinese cultural events.B ased on the Gahan and Martin (1993), the tourist perceptions on a particular event can influence tourist behavior for attending the events. This study shows that good perceptions of tourist toward Balinese cultural event will influence them to attend the cultural events where majority of the informants indicates their interest to attend the cultural event in Bali.2.2.4 Tourist experienceMotivation tourist is related to their intention of see the particular destination, which also influence by their perception toward the destination. Tourist experienced the destination to meets their expectation. This can be determined by knowing how their travel behavior during the trip, such as their satisfaction level, destination that they visited, as well as the frequency of visiting Bali.2.2.4.1 Satisfaction of TripFrom the qualitative study conducted to the informants that been to Bali before, all of the informant shows that they have a high satisfaction level while their trip to Bali. Most o f the informants reveal that they enjoy the scenery and tourist attractions in Bali, especially the scenery of beaches.Yes, because the scenery and the beach is very attractive. I really enjoy it. (Indonesian informant/A.8)I really enjoyed it with my friends and family, especially when I looked at the scenery during sunset Its really beautiful. (Indonesian informant/B.9)Other than that, one of the informants thought that he/she satisfied with the trip because of the price is cheap, like for accommodation, as well as public transportation.And my trip is very satisfied Because its very cheap there, the air is fresh and no contamination The accommodation is also cheap. I stayed tight by the Nusa Dua beach. For the transportation, the taxi rate is so cheap. (Japanese informant/B.7)2.2.4.2 Destination VisitedIn terms of the destinations visited, the study indicated that Kuta area is the most popular destination for tourist. Beside that, some of the informants stated that Ubud, Nusa Dua , and Kintamani, as the other destinations that they visited during the trip. Denpasar is the main gateways in Bali where known as the place of Ngurah Rai International airport of Bali therefore most of the informants mentioned Denpasar as one of the place that they have been visited.2.2.4.3 come across for Attending Cultural EventBy looking at the tourists experience for attending the cultural events, from five informants, four informants had been attend the cultural event in Bali, and only one informant that did not attend. Most of the informants that had been attend it before reveals that they watched the performance in Ubud and Kuta area.I watched the dances during night in Ubud. (Japanese informant/B.7)I watched it near by my hotel in Kuta, and its very fantastic (Indonesian informant/B.9)The most cultural event that had been attended is Kecak dance, and followed by Pendet and Barong dance for the cultural dances. For the cultural festivals and ceremonies, some of the informan ts mentioned that they have been attending the Ngaben festivals.Whereby, one of the informants reveals that he/she had been attending both of the cultural dances and cultural festivals.I have seen Ngaben ceremony and some of their cultural dances, like Kecak and Pendet. Kecak is very attractive dance there is a meaning behind it. One of the interesting parts is their group cooperation. (Indonesian informant/B.6)2.2.4.4 Frequency of Visiting BaliBased on the frequency of visiting Bali, most of the informants stated that it is their first time going to Bali. Whereas one of the informants stated that he/she has gone to Bali for more than twice, at to the lowest degree 4 times a year.Not really regularly, but Ill go there at least 4 times a year. (Indonesian informant/B.6)By looking at the intention for tourist that never been to Bali before, all the informants reveal that they have an intention for cooking to visit Bali someday. Some of them stated that they will visit Bali when they already have enough money to go there.I have to see my saving first. (Korean informant/A.2)Yes, when I have enough money, surely Ill go there. (Indonesian informant/B.1)From the qualitative study, iTourist Motivations to Visit BaliTourist Motivations to Visit Bali2.2 Results and DiscussionsThis section presents the results and discussions of the study, which consists of the results of descriptive data from qualitative approach. It also presents the discussions based on the research findings and relates them with possible reasons based on the secondary data or literature review. The findings are based on data sources from qualitative data conducted by the researcher.The purpose of this section is to answer the objectives of the study, which is to determine the tourist perception towards cultural events in Bali and to explore the motivation of people visiting Bali, especially for its culture.2.2.1 Level of InterestLevel of interest of tourist can be determined as one of the factor th at influencing people to choose the particular destination. According to the Rapaports (1975) theory about factor that influencing the customer behaviors which can motivate them to go to the destination. It elaborated through this following topic.2.2.1.1 Sources about BaliFrom the in-depth interviews informants conducted, all the informants have ever heard about Bali before. Based on how informants get to know Bali, there are several sources. Most of the informants know Bali from word of mouth from informants family and friends. On the other hand, for Indonesian respondent, they know Bali since they were attend school. Beside that, the remaining publicity is from media, like television, books, magazines, brochures as well as through internet, include travel website. For example informants mentioned that their relatives experiences and stories about Bali is one of the reasons that make the respondents go to Bali, below are the statements of informantsI will go there. Because my frien d told me that the place is nice and the culture is very unique (French informant/A.4)I heard it from my parents, because my parents had their honeymoon there, and they said it was really beautiful island (Singaporean informant/A.10)2.2.1.2 Attending Balinese Cultural EventTourists who never been and have been to Bali before indicated that five informants have high interest in attending cultural events in Bali, otherwise there is three informants said that they might be interested in attending cultural events. And the remaining two informants do not have interest in attending cultural events.According to Morgan (1996), the respondent answers of maybe could be a huge potential if these respondents can be converted to interested respondents. In Morgans model for decision making, it categorized into 5 main steps, such asProblem recognition (dont know market)Information search (maybe market)Evaluation of alternativesChoice of purchaseEvaluation of post-purchase experienceAs for the mayb e market, marketers can use advertisements to create the need for attending the cultural events by sending mails or using media like distributing materials that have information on the cultural events to create their awareness.Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the traveler that interested in Balinese cultural events is older traveler, whereas four informants said that attending cultural events is one of their purposes of traveling to Bali and the remaining informantsaid not really interest to attend cultural events. One of the informants thought that people who attended the cultural events will have a better understanding about the Balinese tradition, which can see his/her statements belowas I told you before I want to learn more about their Balinese tradition through their cultural events (Indonesian informant/B.6)Other respondents thought that differences of cultural events between their country of origin and Bali makes them interested to attend the cultural event in Bali.Im quite interested with Balinese culture event, because their event is very different with our Japanese cultural events. (Japanese informant/B.7)Meanwhile for younger traveler only one respondent interested in Balinese cultural events. Another one informant said that he/she will not attend the cultural events in Bali because he/she does not have any interest in culture. The remaining three informants stated that attending cultural events in Bali is not a main purpose but they might decide to attend when they are in Bali.One of respondent of young traveler stated that she might attend the cultural event because she curious about it.but Im just a bit curious for their cultural dances. So maybe Ill attend there. (Singaporean informant/A.10)Based on the type of cultural events which respondents have the intention to attend, it indicated that six informants show high interest in their intention to attend a cultural festival rather than cul tural dances. They mentioned their interest in cultural festival, such as Nyepi, Ngaben, Temple Festival, and Tooth Filling.Most of them interested to attend the Nyepi festival. For example, some informants describe Nyepi festival as seen below I heard that during Nyepi, everyone have to stay in their house and doing nothing, only pray to their god. My friend said that Bali is like a death island while Nyepi. (Malaysian informant/B.3) I heard that it only happens once a year. It is a day that whole of Bali Island remains silent. (Malaysian informant/A.5)As a visitor in Bali, we have to stay at their hotel, because the community asked the visitor who stays in Bali should be obey with the rule of their tradition. No one will be hanging around and there is no activity during Nyepi. (Indonesian informant/B.6)The other four informants refer to attend cultural dances rather than cultural festival. All of them interested to attend the famous Kecak dance. One of them describe Kecak dance as seen below the famous Monkey dance which as I know also known as Kecak dance. (French informant/A.4)2.2.1.3 Sources about Balinese Cultural EventIn terms of the sources on how the informants know about cultural event in Bali, it indicated that most of the informants said that they ever heard about Balinese cultural event from school or college. They said that they have been learned it before. The statements regarding with sources as seen belowFrom school, I knew it from my geography teacher. (Indonesian informant/A.8)I heard from my lecture. (Malaysian informant/A.5)Beside that, the others also mentioned on how they know about cultural event in Bali such as the recommendations from friends, as well as a print publications like magazines, brochure, and travel books. As for the international tourists, internet and travel agents are the common sources on how they discover about the Balinese cultural events.DiscussionAccording to Picard (1996), Bali is one of the primary destinations i n Indonesia, and well-known as an international destination, whereby most of the respondents said that they ever heard about Bali before. Even some of them do not really know about Balinese culture, but they still recognize Bali as one of the famous tourist attraction in the world.Regarding on how the informants know about Bali, it indicated that word of mouth from friends and familys references is one of the source as well as influence them to travel to Bali. Based on the Rapaports (1975) and Morgan (1996) theory of social influences on customer behavior, reference group is the most influencing way on how they discover about the destination. Family and friends are called primary reference group which is a group who influence the behavior to whom they come into close contact by sharing their experiences about the destination. Most of them reveal that they want to go Bali because of good experiences from their relatives.Tourism is become the largest economys industry in Bali, especia lly its cultural tourism. A Balinese cultural event is one of major tourist activities as well as a tourist attraction. Therefore most of the informants both tourists who never been and have been to Bali before have a high interest in attending the cultural events in Bali.By looking at their age group categories, research findings indicated that older traveler is more interested to attend the cultural events rather than the younger traveler. Younger travelers might decide to attend, but attending the cultural event is not their purpose to go to Bali. On the other hand, older travelers reveal that attending cultural event is one of their main purposes to visit Bali.Firstly, there is a cultural arts-core for a tourist who has interest in culture and seen cultural event as primary element and attends the cultural event is a main purpose. Some of the older traveler categories into this level of interest in attend the cultural event. Secondly, cultural arts-incidental is for a tourist wh o seen a cultural event less important than other attraction but could be either attraction or an amenity, and attend the cultural event is their secondary purpose. Most of the older traveler is under this category, where they points out that attending cultural events is one of their purpose but not their main purpose.Cultural arts-accidental is for a tourist who view cultural events may not be an attraction but an amenity, but they might be interest in attending a cultural event. Most of the younger traveler is under this category. They might be interested in cultural event, but attending the cultural events is not their purpose. Lastly, Non-cultural art is for a tourist who not interested in culture, they also do not seen cultural events as an attraction or amenity, attending cultural events is not their purpose and they will not attend it. One respondent of younger traveler is under this category, where he/she revealed that he/she does not have interested in any cultural event.Ba sed on the type of cultural events that the respondents have intention to attend, most of them intend in attending cultural festival rather than cultural dances, with Nyepi festival as their preferable festival that they want to attend. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Nyepi festival has made Bali a unique island as well as a day to make and keep the balance of nature. He points out that Nyepi represents the suspension of all activity in the island preliminary to chasing out the evil vibration that has accumulated during the year. This is followed by a day of absolute silence, the suspension of all activity, from which the ceremony takes its name. Nyepi marks the New Year. On Nyepi, the tourists are not allowed to step aside of their hotel. All activity should remain inside the hotel. Even though most of the respondents have not attend this festivals before, but their knowledge about the description on how the Nyepi festival held is relatively in a correct way.Kecak dance is the most well-known dances in Bali (Seminar on Tourism,1977). Therefore most of the respondent who interested in cultural dance mentioned that Kecak dance is the cultural dance that they want to attend. But they can not describe on what the dance about. One of the respondent only can mentioned about Monkey dance which Kecak is also known as.The source of how the respondent knows about Balinese cultural dance mostly is from school and college. The others also mentioned about word of mouth from friends and family mass media like newspaper, magazines, brochures internet and also information from the travel agents.Therefore marketers need to take notes of the implication here. If the local or domestic market is targeted, they should create more awareness by using an attractive advertisement materials as well as articles. As for the international market, they should update and maintained the tourism board as well as travel website by spreading the information on cultural events which had hap pened as well as the future events. Distribution channels and networking are essential for international tourists due to their high dependence on tour operator and travel agents. It is important to create awareness for international tourist, so they can discover the unique points of the unusual cultural events in Bali.2.2.2 Motivational FactorBeside the level of interest, those theories on tourists travel motivation that have been discussed in literature review part is can be helpful in this study to identify the Balinese cultural events as one of the motivational factor for tourist to travel to Bali. Therefore, these following topics have been elaborate to explore the tourist motivations travel to Bali.2.2.2.1 Reason Tourist Traveling to BaliBased on the reason on why people want travel to Bali, most of the informants revealed that they prefer go to Bali because of the famous beaches there. For example, some of the informants thought that the beautiful beaches in Bali is one of the reasons why they want to travel there, below are the statements of respondentsand I also want to see their beach, because many people says that Bali have a beautiful beaches (Indonesian informant/B.1)because Bali have beautiful beaches (Korean informant/A.2)Beside the famous Bali beaches, the other informants also mentioned that the unique Balinese culture and attractive tourist attraction friendliness of local people and their interest in shopping, especially local art market, is also the reasons that affect them to go traveling to Bali. One of the respondents thought that shopping in Balinese local art market is cheap, which can see their statement belowbecause I want to see their famous cheap art market. (Indonesian informant/B.1)2.2.2.2 Purpose of TripAs for the tourist that been to Bali, most of the informants reveal that the purpose of their trip to Bali mostly is for holiday with family or friends. One of the informants stated that his/her purpose is for business trips like seminar, training and also research purposes.I have a lot of purposes, because there are different purposes each of my trip, such as vacation, training, seminar, and business trip or doing some research there. (Indonesian informant/B.6)2.2.2.3 Other Factors that Motivate Tourist to BaliBesides culture, the factors those motivate informants to go to Bali is to experience their natural attraction like beaches or mountains. Most of them revealed that they want to experience the beach activities like surfing below are the statements of respondentsTheir beaches for surfing I like surfing. (French informant/A.4)The beach, surfing and the people. I heard that is what Balis famous for. (Malaysian informant/A.5)Their natural attraction, especially beaches. I like the wave, its good for surfing (Singaporean informant/A.10)Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the younger traveler revealed that the factor that motivated them to go to Bali is to experience the beach activities like surfing because as they know Bali is one of the famous destinations for surfing.In terms of the other factors that motivate some of the informants, beside culture, is indicated to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali friendliness of local people shopping activities for example one of informants thought his/her motivate factors is for relaxation to escape for the daily life routine activities, as seen belowIll go there for relax and also to release my stress for daily routine, especially from my work. (Malaysian informant/B.3)DiscussionThe push and pull concept provides reasons as to why people travel. According to, Dann (1977), people are pushed into making travel decisions by internal forces. The other is that they are pulled into travel decisions by external forces such as destination attributes. In other words, push motivation is an internal factor from an individual and increases the desire for people to travel, whereas pull motivation is a n external factor that influences people travel which cues of a specific destination that pull people to realize the needs of particular travel experiences, such as natural and historic attractions, food, people, recreation facilities, and marketed image of the destination.Therefore by looking at the reasons on why people traveling to Bali it indicated that most of the informants will go to Bali to enjoy the natural attraction in Bali. Whereby according to Dann (1977), natural attraction in Bali like their beaches is one of the major pull factors that influence people to go traveling to Bali. The other reasons that some of the informants mentioned that influence them to go to Bali such as the uniqueness of Balinese culture the friendliness of local people and shopping activities. Here, all the reasons also can be categories into the pull factors. According to Crompton (1979), he points out that the pull motivations help illustrate the actual destination choice, which related to this findings on the reasons why people choose Bali as destination to travel.Regarding on the purpose of trip that tourists that been to Bali before, most of the informants said that their main purpose is for holiday or leisure time. One of the informants also stated the other purpose is for business purpose. Coltman (1930) explained the factors that create a persons desire to travel purpose of people to travel which have been categories into two such as motivation that related to the destination and not related (Coltman, 1930). Here, most of the informants though that holiday as their main purpose, which can be fall under motivation related to the destination, into the leisure time escape category that makes tourist to escape from their daily activities, or merely to have a new experience. In contrary, for business purpose can be categories into the motivation not related to the destination. It means that it can give people no choice about going to that destination instead of some othe rs.Tourists purposes can be determined as push factor. Push factor is an internal energy to an individual and increases the desire for people to travel. Crompton (1979) mentioned that the push factor have been useful in explaining the desire for travel. It includes the desire for escape, novelty seeking, adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization. According to the findings, most of the informants reveal that their push factor is to enjoy the holiday with family and friends, which can be categories into the desire for escape, as well as socialization.By looking at the other factors, beside culture, that motivate the informants to visit Bali, such as to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali to relax with friends and family the friendliness of local people and shopping activities. According to Gahan and Martin (1993) and Mohr et al. (1993), the informants motivations for people visit Bali mostly for escape inverse in routine daily life activities by enjoying the scenery. It followed by socialization and family togetherness (enjoying themselves being with family and friends) excitement (surfing) and event novelty (shopping). Attending cultural events is under the event novelty, where tourist is experiencing something new and different things because of the uniqueness.2.2.3 Tourists perceptionBasically, tourist perception is related to motivation tourist, which can influence travelers decision making to travel to the particular destination. To prove that there is a connection between tourist perception and motivation factors, this study explored the various tourist perceptions towards Bali as a tourist destination, as well as their perceptions about Balinese cultural events.2.2.3.1 Perception about BaliIn terms of tourists perception about Bali, most of the informants frequently called Bali as a beautiful island, which famous and well-known as international destination. They also stated that Bali is a ni ce place for relaxation.Some of the informants also thought about Bali with their friendly local people and the wide variety of tourist activities such as surfing where some informants mentioned that Bali is famous as surfing destination in the world. Below are the informants statementsIn my opinion, Bali is the island that has been notified by international tourist as one of the beautiful Islands in the world. It is famous as one of the best surfing destination in the world. (French informant/A.4)To me, Bali is a surfing paradise, (Malaysian informant/A.5)Beside that, some of the informants comments about Bali as an island that rich in culture and historical background, as seen belowI heard that theres also a lot of history and tales about the Island, which also famous with their uniqueness of culture. (Malaysian informant/A.5)I think Bali is very unique, especially their culture with a strong tradition where everybody who stays in Bali should obey to their tradition (Indonesian in formant/ B.6)The uniqueness of Balinese art and handicraft with cheaper price in the local art market as some informants thought that Bali as shopping spree paradise. Below are their statementsBali has their own beautiful handicraft with their unique design. (Indonesian informant/B.1)I love it, like for shopping its very cheap there, especially their art traditional market. (Indonesian informant/B.9)By looking at the age of informants, most of the older traveler indicates that their opinion about Bali as a nice place for relaxing from the daily life routine, as they thought Bali is a peaceful place. In contrary, for younger traveler, their perception about Bali is an exciting destination, with a lot of activities that they can experience there doing something stimulating especially their beach activities. Some of younger traveler thought that beaches in Bali are fantastic and a one of the famous destination for surfing activities.2.2.3.2 Perception about Balinese Cultural EventIn te rms of the perceptions of tourists toward cultural event, most of the informants revealed that Balinese cultural event has a unique attraction which very attractive. Some of the informants stated that the cultural event in Bali is unique because different with any other culture especially for foreign tourist, whereby they revealed that it different between Balinese culture and the culture in their country of origin below are the statements of informantsIts very unique, and quite different with Malaysian culture, especially their festival, like Nyepi. (Malaysian informant/B.3)as I know their culture is very interesting and a lot of traditional dance and festival that very different from my country. (French informant/A.4)Some of the informants also mentioned other perceptions about Balinese cultural event have a strong connection with their belief or religion, as well as their tradition, which make their cultural events as a sacral and very spiritual (mystic).Their cultural event is v ery religious and sacral. Whatever it is, dances or festivals, they always connected with their religion and beliefs. (Indonesian informant/B.1)I think it also a bit mystic. (Indonesian informant/B.9)I felt a bit freaky because its very mystic as well as magical. (Singaporean informant/A.10)Other informants indicated on how the Balinese community performs the cultural events in Bali. Some of them thought that the cultural event, especially Balinese cultural dance, is very attractive, energetic and also powerful.I think its very beautiful, and also the performance was very energetic and powerful (Indonesian informant/B.9)I think its quite interesting and energetic. and they dance with the powerful music. (Singaporean informant/A.10)For the cultural festival, one informant commented on the way they celebrate it which is family-oriented.In my opinion, its very family-oriented its good, because even though they dont have enough money, the Balinese community will be collecting money from their big family to hold their tradition as cultural event. (Indonesian informant/B.6)DiscussionAccording to the findings, the tourists perceptions towards Bali as one of the most enchanting and well-known travel destination in the world, because of the physical beauty of the island and its natural attraction like their nice beaches. According to Picard (1996), therefore Bali is seen by tourists as the Ultimate Island. Other than the beauty of their natural attraction, some of the informants also revealed that Bali as an island with rich of culture and strong religious tradition. For that reason, Bali is also known as the Island of God, where Hinduism belief influences most of the cultural aspect in Balinese community (Picard, 1996).The tourists perception toward Bali is predominantly characterized by the reasons on why people traveling to Bali and factors that motivates them. Based on Crompton (1979), it shows that there is a connection between the tourist perception about a desti nation and tourist motivations to travel to the destination. He points out that tourist perception on the particular destination can influence travelers decision making in choosing a destination. Therefore tourists perception about Bali also can be categorized as the Pull factors based on Danns theory (Dann,1977).Regarding the tourists perception toward the Balinese cultural events in general, the study indicates that most of informants thought that Balinese cultural event is attractive and very unique, which different with other culture. Other than the uniqueness of cultural event in Bali, some of the informants thought that Balinese cultural events have a strong connection with their religion and spiritual indeed. According to Picard (1996), the cultural and religious are interwoven in Bali. He also stated that tourism in Bali cannot be conceived apart from Balinese culture. In fact, tourism is become the largest economys industry in Bali, with cultural tourism is one of the major aspects that contributed to the industry.In terms of the perceptions towards characteristics of Balinese cultural events, most of the informants described the cultural dance in Bali is energetic and powerful and for the cultural festival some of the informants thought that it is family-oriented. By looking at the tourists perceptions about cultural events shows the level of understanding and knowledge of the informants toward the Balinese cultural events. Even they do not have a clear perspective in terms of knowledge, but the study shows the good opinion toward Balinese cultural events.Based on the Gahan and Martin (1993), the tourist perceptions on a particular event can influence tourist behavior for attending the events. This study shows that good perceptions of tourist toward Balinese cultural event will influence them to attend the cultural events where majority of the informants indicates their interest to attend the cultural event in Bali.2.2.4 Tourist experienceMotivation tourist is related to their intention of visiting the particular destination, which also influence by their perception toward the destination. Tourist experienced the destination to meets their expectation. This can be determined by knowing how their travel behavior during the trip, such as their satisfaction level, destination that they visited, as well as the frequency of visiting Bali.2.2.4.1 Satisfaction of TripFrom the qualitative study conducted to the informants that been to Bali before, all of the informant shows that they have a high satisfaction level while their trip to Bali. Most of the informants reveal that they enjoy the scenery and tourist attractions in Bali, especially the scenery of beaches.Yes, because the scenery and the beach is very attractive. I really enjoy it. (Indonesian informant/A.8)I really enjoyed it with my friends and family, especially when I looked at the scenery during sunset Its really beautiful. (Indonesian informant/B.9)Other than that, one of the informants thought that he/she satisfied with the trip because of the price is cheap, like for accommodation, as well as public transportation.And my trip is very satisfied Because its very cheap there, the air is fresh and no pollution The accommodation is also cheap. I stayed near by the Nusa Dua beach. For the transportation, the taxi rate is so cheap. (Japanese informant/B.7)2.2.4.2 Destination VisitedIn terms of the destinations visited, the study indicated that Kuta area is the most popular destination for tourist. Beside that, some of the informants stated that Ubud, Nusa Dua, and Kintamani, as the other destinations that they visited during the trip. Denpasar is the main gateways in Bali where known as the place of Ngurah Rai International airport of Bali therefore most of the informants mentioned Denpasar as one of the place that they have been visited.2.2.4.3 Experience for Attending Cultural EventBy looking at the tourists experience for attending the cultural events, from five informants, four informants had been attend the cultural event in Bali, and only one informant that did not attend. Most of the informants that had been attend it before reveals that they watched the performance in Ubud and Kuta area.I watched the dances during night in Ubud. (Japanese informant/B.7)I watched it near by my hotel in Kuta, and its very fantastic (Indonesian informant/B.9)The most cultural event that had been attended is Kecak dance, and followed by Pendet and Barong dance for the cultural dances. For the cultural festivals and ceremonies, some of the informants mentioned that they have been attending the Ngaben festivals.Whereby, one of the informants reveals that he/she had been attending both of the cultural dances and cultural festivals.I have seen Ngaben ceremony and some of their cultural dances, like Kecak and Pendet. Kecak is very attractive dance there is a meaning behind it. One of the interesting parts is their group cooperation. (Indonesian infor mant/B.6)2.2.4.4 Frequency of Visiting BaliBased on the frequency of visiting Bali, most of the informants stated that it is their first time going to Bali. Whereas one of the informants stated that he/she has gone to Bali for more than twice, at least 4 times a year.Not really regularly, but Ill go there at least 4 times a year. (Indonesian informant/B.6)By looking at the intention for tourist that never been to Bali before, all the informants reveal that they have an intention for planning to visit Bali someday. Some of them stated that they will visit Bali when they already have enough money to go there.I have to see my saving first. (Korean informant/A.2)Yes, when I have enough money, surely Ill go there. (Indonesian informant/B.1)From the qualitative study, i